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Civil War and Reconstruction AP United States History Unit 5 “Lincoln and Liberty” (1860) Hurrah for the choice of the nation, Our chieftain so brave and so true, We'll go for the great reformation, For Lincoln and Liberty, too! We'll go for the son of Kentucky The hero of Hoosierdom through, The pride of the "Suckers" so lucky, For Lincoln and Liberty, too! Our David's good sling is unerring, The Slavocrat's giant he slew, Then shout for the freedom preferring, For Lincoln and Liberty, too. Lincoln and Liberty They'll find what by felling and mauling, Our railmaker statesman can do; For the people are everywhere calling For Lincoln and Liberty too. Then up with our banner so glorious, The star-spangled red, white, and blue, We'll fight till our banner's victorious, For Lincoln and Liberty, too. Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln (Rep) 180 EV 40% PV J. Breckinridge (S Dem) 72 EV 18% PV John Bell (Con Union) 39 EV 12% PV Stephen Douglas (N Dem) 12 EV 30% PV Election of 1860: State Crittenden Compromise (1860) Confederate States of America President Jefferson Davis Fort Sumter Confederate States of America We are Coming Father Abraham In the summer of 1862, following a series of Northern military setbacks, Abraham Lincoln issued a call for 300,000 three-year volunteers to fill the depleted ranks of the Union Army. This song, inspired by Lincoln's request, first appeared as a poem in The New York Post. The words, written by a Quaker abolitionist, were set to music by Stephen Foster as well as by the Hutchinson Family Singers and L.O. Emerson. We are coming, Father Abraham, 300,000 more, From Mississippi's winding stream and from New England's shore. We leave our plows and workshops, our wives and children dear, With hearts too full for utterance, with but a silent tear. We dare not look behind us but steadfastly before. We are coming, Father Abraham, 300,000 more! CHORUS: We are coming, we are coming our Union to restore, We are coming, Father Abraham, 300,000 more! If you look across the hilltops that meet the northern sky, Long moving lines of rising dust your vision may descry; And now the wind, an instant, tears the cloudy veil aside, And floats aloft our spangled flag in glory and in pride; And bayonets in the sunlight gleam, and bands brave music pour, We are coming, father Abr'am, three hundred thousand more! North vs. South Comparing Forces Lincoln suspends habeas corpus “Must I shoot a simpleminded soldier boy who deserts, while I must not touch a hair of a wily agitator who induces him to desert?...I think that in such a case, to silence the agitator, and save the boy, is not only constitutional, but, withal, a great mercy.” Anaconda Plan Lincoln’s Revolving Generals Winfield Scott George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan Joseph Hooker Ulysses Grant McClellan (again) Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet “Stonewall” Jackson George Pickett Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee “Ironclads” Battle of Antietam (Sep 1862) Confederate dead in the “Bloody Lane” Recruiting Black Soldiers 54th Massachusetts Lincoln on Slavery (1854) “You say A. is white, and B. is black. It is color, then; the lighter, having the right to enslave the darker? Take care. By this rule, you are to be slave to the first man you meet, with a fairer skin than your own. You do not mean color exactly?--You mean the whites are intellectually the superiors of the blacks, and, therefore have the right to enslave them? Take care again. By this rule, you are to be slave to the first man you meet, with an intellect superior to your own. But, say you, it is a question of interest; and, if you can make it your interest, you have the right to enslave another. Very well. And if he can make it his interest, he has the right to enslave you.” Lincoln on Union and Slavery (Aug. 1862) My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union… Lincoln on Slavery (1864) "I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong. I can not remember when I did not so think, and feel.” Emancipation Proclamation That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom… And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God. Areas of Emancipation Liberated slaves on Hilton Head Island, S.C. Booker T. Washington Up from Slavery As the great day drew nearer, there was more singing in the slave quarters than usual. It was bolder, had more ring, and lasted later into the night. Most of the verses of the plantation songs had some reference to freedom.... Some man who seemed to be a stranger (a United States officer, I presume) made a little speech and then read a rather long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After the reading we were told that we were all free, and could go when and where we pleased. My mother, who was standing by my side, leaned over and kissed her children, while tears of joy ran down her cheeks. She explained to us what it all meant, that this was the day for which she had been so long praying, but fearing that she would never live to see. 13th Amendment (1865) Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Copperheads Clement Vallandigham NYC Draft Riots (1863) NYC Draft Riots (1863) Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.