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Civil War and Reconstruction
AP United States History
Unit 5
“Lincoln and Liberty” (1860)
Hurrah for the choice of the nation,
Our chieftain so brave and so true,
We'll go for the great reformation,
For Lincoln and Liberty, too!
We'll go for the son of Kentucky
The hero of Hoosierdom through,
The pride of the "Suckers" so lucky,
For Lincoln and Liberty, too!
Our David's good sling is unerring,
The Slavocrat's giant he slew,
Then shout for the freedom preferring,
For Lincoln and Liberty, too.
Lincoln and Liberty
They'll find what by felling and
mauling,
Our railmaker statesman can do;
For the people are everywhere calling
For Lincoln and Liberty too.
Then up with our banner so glorious,
The star-spangled red, white, and blue,
We'll fight till our banner's victorious,
For Lincoln and Liberty, too.
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln (Rep)
180 EV 40% PV
J. Breckinridge (S Dem)
72 EV 18% PV
John Bell (Con Union)
39 EV 12% PV
Stephen Douglas (N Dem)
12 EV 30% PV
Election of 1860: State
Crittenden Compromise (1860)
Confederate States of America
President Jefferson Davis
Fort Sumter
Confederate States of America
We are Coming Father Abraham
In the summer of 1862, following a series of Northern
military setbacks, Abraham Lincoln issued a call for
300,000 three-year volunteers to fill the depleted ranks
of the Union Army. This song, inspired by Lincoln's
request, first appeared as a poem in The New York Post.
The words, written by a Quaker abolitionist, were set to
music by Stephen Foster as well as by the Hutchinson
Family Singers and L.O. Emerson.
We are coming, Father Abraham,
300,000 more,
From Mississippi's winding stream and
from New England's shore.
We leave our plows and workshops, our
wives and children dear,
With hearts too full for utterance, with
but a silent tear.
We dare not look behind us but
steadfastly before.
We are coming, Father Abraham,
300,000 more!
CHORUS:
We are coming, we are coming our
Union to restore,
We are coming, Father Abraham,
300,000 more!
If you look across the hilltops that meet
the northern sky,
Long moving lines of rising dust your
vision may descry;
And now the wind, an instant, tears the
cloudy veil aside,
And floats aloft our spangled flag in glory
and in pride;
And bayonets in the sunlight gleam, and
bands brave music pour,
We are coming, father Abr'am, three
hundred thousand more!
North vs. South
Comparing Forces
Lincoln suspends habeas corpus
“Must I shoot a simpleminded soldier boy who
deserts, while I must not
touch a hair of a wily
agitator who induces him
to desert?...I think that in
such a case, to silence
the agitator, and save the
boy, is not only
constitutional, but, withal,
a great mercy.”
Anaconda
Plan
Lincoln’s Revolving Generals
Winfield
Scott
George
Meade
Ambrose
Burnside
George
McClellan
Joseph
Hooker
Ulysses
Grant
McClellan
(again)
Confederate Generals
Jeb Stuart
James
Longstreet
“Stonewall”
Jackson
George
Pickett
Nathan
Bedford
Forrest
Robert E.
Lee
“Ironclads”
Battle of Antietam (Sep 1862)
Confederate dead in the “Bloody Lane”
Recruiting Black Soldiers
54th Massachusetts
Lincoln on Slavery (1854)
“You say A. is white, and B. is black. It is color,
then; the lighter, having the right to enslave the
darker? Take care. By this rule, you are to be slave
to the first man you meet, with a fairer skin than
your own.
You do not mean color exactly?--You mean the
whites are intellectually the superiors of the blacks,
and, therefore have the right to enslave them? Take
care again. By this rule, you are to be slave to the
first man you meet, with an intellect superior to your
own.
But, say you, it is a question of interest; and, if you
can make it your interest, you have the right to
enslave another. Very well. And if he can make it
his interest, he has the right to enslave you.”
Lincoln on Union and Slavery
(Aug. 1862)
My paramount object in this struggle is to
save the Union, and is not either to save or to
destroy slavery. If I could save the Union
without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I
could save it by freeing all the slaves I would
do it; and if I could save it by freeing some
and leaving others alone I would also do that.
What I do about slavery, and the colored race,
I do because I believe it helps to save the
Union…
Lincoln on Slavery (1864)
"I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not
wrong, nothing is wrong. I can not
remember when I did not so think, and
feel.”
Emancipation Proclamation
That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as
slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the
people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United
States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and
the Executive Government of the United States, including
the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or
acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts
they may make for their actual freedom…
And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice,
warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity,
I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the
gracious favor of Almighty God.
Areas of Emancipation
Liberated slaves on Hilton Head Island, S.C.
Booker T. Washington
Up from Slavery
As the great day drew nearer, there was more singing in
the slave quarters than usual. It was bolder, had more ring,
and lasted later into the night. Most of the verses of the
plantation songs had some reference to freedom.... Some
man who seemed to be a stranger (a United States officer,
I presume) made a little speech and then read a rather
long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After
the reading we were told that we were all free, and could
go when and where we pleased. My mother, who was
standing by my side, leaned over and kissed her children,
while tears of joy ran down her cheeks. She explained to
us what it all meant, that this was the day for which she
had been so long praying, but fearing that she would never
live to see.
13th Amendment (1865)
Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for
crime where of the party shall have
been duly convicted, shall exist within
the United States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction.
Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
NYC
Draft
Riots
(1863)
NYC Draft Riots (1863)
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth
on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether
that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated
can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that
war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a
final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that
that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that
we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot
dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this
ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled
here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add
or detract.
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
The world will little note nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us
the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the
great task remaining before us—that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which
they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain,
that this nation under God shall have a new birth of
freedom, and that government of the people, by the people,
for the people shall not perish from the earth.