Download Objective

The End of the
Beginning is Upon Us…
Chapter 21 Notes, Objectives,
and Anticipation Guide
Connection
The Format: Objective in the Title

Anticipation Guide
Question to the
Left

Notes to the Right
Objective: Describe the failure of the North to gain
its expected early victory in 1861
1.

Because of the
South’s
geographical
advantage, the
North expected
the Civil War to
be a long,
drawn-out
affair.
My answer:
DISAGREE



Goal: attack at Bull Run 30 miles SW
of Washington  win @ Bull Run 
move on to the Confederate capital
(Richmond) 100 miles south and
capture it to win the war
If successful, Union would be
restored without damage to the
economic and social system of the
South
Confederate reinforcements let them
win the battle  South got
overconfident; North realized it
wouldn’t be a “one-punch war”
Objective: Explain the significance of Antietam and the
Northern turn to a “total war” against slavery
2.

After the
Emancipation
Proclamation,
Lincoln changed
his focus from
saving the
Union to
eliminating
slavery from an
eventual
reunified
America
My answer:
DISAGREE




“My paramount object in this struggle
is to save the Union, and is not either
to save or to destroy slavery.” –Lincoln
in ’62
Had McClellan succeeded in taking
Richmond and the war had ended in
mid-1862, the Union would probably
have been restored with minimal
disruption to slavery
The total war strategy was developed
6 parts:
1. Blockade southern coasts
2. Liberate the slaves to hurt Southern
economic foundations
3. Control the Mississippi River to cut the
Confederacy in half
4. Send troops through GA and Carolinas
5. Capture the capital at Richmond
6. Engage the South’s main strength and
grind it into submission
Objective: Explain the significance of Antietam and the
Northern turn to a “total war” against slavery




Scarcity of Southern goods because of
blockades drove prices skyward
On Antietam: McClellan returned (Lincoln
had previously banished him), found Lee’s
battle plans wrapped around a packet of 3
cigars dropped by a Confederate officer,
and stopped Lee’s attack
The battle was a draw
However, that draw showed renewed
Union strength and discouraged France
and Britain from entering the war on the
side of the Confederates
Objective: Describe the role that African
Americans played during the War
3.

Southern
slaves felt they
were fighting
for their
freedom in the
Civil War
My answer:
AGREE







The victory at Antietam let Lincoln feel
comfortable issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation
Southern slaves understood they were now
“forever free”, so they had a cause to fight
for (though 1 in 7 slaves escaped to the
North)
The Confederates didn’t enlist slaves to
fight until the last month of the war
However, slaves in border states were NOT
granted freedom, because Lincoln does not
want to split the Union
Where he could free slaves he would not;
where he would not, he could
Still, blacks knew their best chance at
freedom was through Union victory
For the first time, Lincoln accepted the
enlistment of black soldiers in the Union
army
Objective: Describe the military significance of the battles
of Gettysburg in the East and Vicksburg in the West
4. Lincoln’s
words in the
Gettysburg
Address had
more longlasting impact
than the
North’s victory
at Gettysburg





General Meade’s victory at Gettysburg
crippled the Confederacy (July 1-3,
1863)
It was the furthest the South was able
to advance in the North; the next 2
years were spent backpedaling towards
Richmond
Battle of Vicksburg (July 4) was over a
fortress on the Mississippi River
protecting Southern supply lines
General Grant was successful for the
Union, and with the victory the North
controlled the Mississippi River (known
as “the spinal cord” of the South)
Britain also stopped delivering Laird
rams and France refused to sell six
naval vessels to the South
Objective: Describe the political struggle between
Lincoln’s “Union party” and the antiwar
Copperheads
5. The Copperheads
and Presidential
candidate
McClellan were
the last great
hope for the
South during the
Civil War






The Congressional Committee on the
Conduct of War were Republicans who felt
the President had overstepped his powers
during the war
When Stephen Douglas died 7 weeks into
the war, the Democratic Party divided into
War Democrats, Peace Democrats, and
Copperheads
War Democrats supported Lincoln, leading
to the formation of the “Union Party” (VP
Andrew Johnson had been a small slave
owner)
Copperheads were also extreme Peace
Democrats who openly opposed the draft,
Lincoln, and emancipation
Lincoln’s twice-removed General McClellan
was the Copperhead candidate
Lincoln won by a 212 to 21 electoral vote
(though it was only 55% to 45% on the
popular vote)
Objective: Describe the end of the war and list its
final consequences

6. Lincoln’s
assassination
significantly
slowed the
progress of African
American rights




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600,000 men died in action or of
disease and over 1 million were
killed or seriously wounded
The war cost $15 billion, without
counting pensions and interest on
the national debt
Five days after Union victory, Lincoln
was killed in Ford Theatre by John
Wilkes Booth
Ex-Confederates and some Northern
Copperheads rejoiced
With the assassination, the
unprepared Johnson became
president
Some Southerners ultimately
perceived Lincoln’s death negatively
as they believed he’d have been
kinder and less vindictive than
Johnson