Download Civil War I

CIVIL WAR STARTS
Secession Crisis
First Shot fired
Union
Confederacy
First Battles
Secession Crisis
• Lincoln elected president Nov. 1860,
– S. Carolina calls a convention on secession
• Dec. 20: S. Carolina conventions votes
– to leave the Union: “sectional party w/ a
– a president hostile to slavery” was elected.
• Feb: Six more Deep South states join– Alabama, Miss, Florida, LA, Georgia, TX
• Crittenden Compromise: 1) extend 36 30
– Line, 2) protect slavery in the South forever.
• Lincoln Rejects it: sectional mistrust
Abraham Lincoln: 1861-1865
First Shot Fired
• Lincoln’s Inaugural: compromise possible,
– Appeal to our “better angels”
• Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861): Lincoln
sends navy w/ food supplies, South fires
first shot.
• Four More States Join Confederacy: VA,
– N. Carolina, Arkansas, Tenn.
• Four Border states do not join: Kentucky,
– Missouri, Maryland, Delaware
• Why they Fought? South had to protect
– slavery, nationalism, resentment, ideology,
– State’s rights v. democracy
Fort Sumter: April 14, 1861
Northern Advantage
• Larger: 19 states, 20 million population
• Industrial: 10x man production, 20x iron
– production, 32x arms production
• Railroads: network through all North
• Navy: 90% of all ship yards
• Money: larger tax base, more investors,
– Sold bonds, printed money
South: Strength & Weakness
• King Cotton: 3/4 off world’s cotton supply
– Europe will come to our aid?
• Defensive War: supply easier, moral high,
– Know the land, can pick battles
• Better fighters: farmers and hunters?
• Bad railroads, little man. production
• No money: hyper inflation by 1864
• No food, no navy, state’s rights
• Better Generals!
Confederation: 11 States
• Confederate Constitution: Richmond,
– State’s rights, slavery protected, no tariff,
– President 6 year term, no internal improve
• Jefferson Davis: West Point, Mexican War
– Humane slave owner, pushed to indust South,
Led army & gov, could not delegate, angry,
– Could not face criticism, bad appointments
• Conscription: 20 or more slaves exempt
Jefferson Davis
Union: 19 and 4 border States
• Lincoln: good leader, compromised,
• Winfield Scott: Anaconda Plan
• George McClellan: “Young Napoleon”
– Good administrator, could not take action
• Mobilization: Congress calls 500,000
• First Bull Run (July 21, 1861): spectators
– Union disaster, “Stonewall” Jackson
– This is going to be real war
George McClellan
Monitor v. the Virginian
McClellan at Yorktown: 3/1862
First Battles
• War in the West: Mississippi battle ships
• Shiloh (April, 1862): Grant gets demoted
• New Orleans: Farragut captures port city
• Peninsula Attack on Richmond:
– McClellan hesitates at Yorktown
– Union loses at the Battle of Seven Pines