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Doc 11: The “Anaconda” Plan (Northern War Strategy) Southern War Strategy Simply to prevent the North from gaining territory for long enough that the northern people would decide the war could not be won, or at least would not be worth the cost of winning so that Lincoln would be forced, politically, to stop the fighting and grant Southern independence. Doc 12: Confederate Generals “Stonewall ” Jackson George Pickett Nathan Bedford Forrest Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee • 7 of 8 military colleges in the U.S. were in the South = Great Military Traditions / Leadership • Many southern leaders had gained experience during the Mexican American War Doc 13: Union Generals Winfield Scott Irwin McDowell George McClellan Joseph Hooker Ambrose Burnside Ulysses S. Grant George Meade George McClellan, Again! EXCITED FOR THE WAR!!! in the beginning at least… Can’t wait to join in the fight Notions of glory and romance and adventure Doc 14: Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861 Watching the “show” at Bull Run Doc 14b-This was known as a TOTAL WAR…. Iron Clad Ships CIVIL WAR MEDICINE 60% of all Civil War Deaths NOT from being shot dead Die from diseases in Camps and infections from wounds Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 Union Victory 23,000 casualties Doc 15: After Antietam Lincoln and McClellan Lincoln meeting with McClellan after the Battle of Antietam; a union victory and turning point in the war. McClellan was soon fired for not pursuing General Lee when he had the chance. “He has a case of the slows” remarked Lincoln. To Miss Fanny McCullough (1840 - 1920), the daughter of Lincoln’s long-time friend, William McCullough, whose death in battle on December 5, 1862, sent Fanny into a deep depression. – – Executive Mansion, Washington, December 23, 1862. – – Dear Fanny It is with deep grief that I learn of the death of your kind and brave Father; and, especially, that it is affecting your young heart beyond what is common in such cases. In this sad world of ours, sorrow comes to all; and, to the young, it comes with bitterest agony, because it takes them unawares. The older have learned to ever expect it. I am anxious to afford some alleviation of your present distress. Perfect relief is not possible, except with time. You can not now realize that you will ever feel better. Is not this so? And yet it is a mistake. You are sure to be happy again. To know this, which is certainly true, will make you some less miserable now. I have had experience enough to know what I say; and you need only to believe it, to feel better at once. The memory of your dear Father, instead of an agony, will yet be a sad sweet feeling in your heart, of a purer, and holier sort than you have known before. Please present my kind regards to your afflicted mother. Your sincere friend A. LINCOLN. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Doc 16: Emancipation Proclamation 1863 Now, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States… designate the following States and parts of States [are] in rebellion against the United States: Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia. And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. Doc 17: Emancipation in 1863 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION January 1, 1863 Did NOT end Slavery in USA Only Freed Slaves in Confederacy WHY WAS THE CIVIL WAR FOUGHT??? BEFORE E.P. Jan. 1, 1863: – To restore the Union – end rebellion AFTER E.P. Jan. 1, 1863: – To restore the Union AND to free the slaves (a moral issue that made abolitionists happy) DOC 18: African American Recruiting Poster DOC 19: Recruitment of Black Union Soldiers in 1863 The Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was the first military unit consisting of black soldiers to be raised in the North during the Civil War. Prior to 1863, no effort was made to recruit black troops as Union soldiers. The passage of the Emancipation Proclamation in December of 1862 provided the impetus for the use of free black men as soldiers and, at a time when state governors were responsible for the raising of regiments for federal service, Massachusetts was the first to respond with the formation of the Fiftyfourth Regiment. African-Americans in Civil War Battles Black Troops Freeing Slaves -The first general American military draft (conscription) was enacted by the Confederate government on April 16, 1862, more than a year before the federal government did the same. The Confederacy took this step because it had to; -Its territory was being assailed on every front by overwhelming numbers, and the defending armies needed men to fill the ranks. -The compulsory-service law was very unpopular in the South because it was viewed as a violation of the rights of individuals by the central government, one of the reasons the South went to war in the first place. DOC 20: The South initiates the Draft, 1862 DOC 21: The North Initiates the Draft, 1863 Doc 22: Conscription / Draft Conscription (The Draft): Forced enrollment in military service Rich men can buy their way out of military service with $300 fee. “A Rich man’s war and poor man’s fight.” Doc 23: Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC Doc 24: NYC Draft Riots, (July 1316, 1863) "For months after the riots the public life of the city became a more noticeably white domain." Doc 25: A “Pogrom” (Riot) Against Blacks