* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Sectional Conflict Intensifies (1848
Survey
Document related concepts
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Sectional Conflict Intensifies (18481860) 10 Events Leading to the Civil War Chapter 10 Slavery and the Westward Expansion Section 1 1. Popular Sovereignty • Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan proposed the idea of popular sovereignty – allow the people in the territory/state to decide if it would be free or slave – Many people felt this would be a democratic way of deciding on the issue • Abolitionists will argue that it denied African Americans their right to be free – choice. 2. Compromise of 1850 • Discovery of gold in CA – Settlers called 49ners – CA applied for statehood (skipped territorial status because of the number of settlers in CA) – CA wanted to be a free state, but it would make the South a minority in the Senate & feared slavery & states’ rights would be limited. • Southern response to the possible upset of the balance of power = Secession – Withdrawing from the Union – Considered an act of treason 2. Compromise of 1850 • Henry Clay = “Great Compromiser” – Solved the MO issue; proposed 8 resolutions to solve the new crisis—the expansion of slavery – He needed support of John C. Calhoun – Calhoun believed the Northern hatred of slavery threatened to destroy the South – South needed to defend 2 rights: (1) return of fugitive slaves, (2) guarantee balance of power – Honorable solution = secession 2. Compromise of 1850 • President Taylor – unsupportive of the compromise resolutions of Clay – Taylor dies, Fillmore takes over – he is supportive of the resolutions • Senator Stephen Douglas from Illinois takes on the fight of the aging Clay & divides the resolutions into smaller parts so they are passed • Compromise of 1850 will temporarily quell the increasing tensions Mounting Violence Section 2 3. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Published in 1852; written by Harriet Beecher Stowe – Sold 300,000 copies – Uncle Tom = runaway slave; Simon Legree = slaveholder – The book will change the North’s view of African Americans and slavery • Book persuaded those not moved by rational arguments • Book was banned in the South – Stowe accused of writing falsehoods & distortions 4. Fugitive Slave Act • Sworn statement of a white person needed to take the “runaway” back to the South • African Americans did not have the right to a trial or to testify in court • Commissioners - awarded $10.00 for siding with the slave holder & $5.00 if the African America was free • Federal marshals could deputize citizens & force them to look for escaped slaves – Northerners refused to help, but were threatened to be sent to jail 5. Underground Railroad & Harriet Tubman • Fugitive Slave Act punished those who helped runaway slaves by fining them $$, but Northerners & African Americans still operated the Underground Railroad – Informal but organized – Members called conductors & gave runaway slaves food, shelter, and money to start a new life in the North – Harriet Tubman, most famous conductor – The RR will deepen the South’s mistrust of the North Crisis Deepens Section 3 6. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Kansas & Nebraska – first experiment with popular sovereignty • Nebraska is one large territory & Stephen Douglas wanted to organize it. – In order for popular sovereignty to work, the Missouri Compromise would need to be repealed so that Nebraska could be a slave state. – Douglas knew if a repeal was made, it would divide the country, but he still wanted to open the Nebraska Territory. 6. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Douglas misjudged the anti-slavery feelings in the North • Proposed to divide the territory into 2 territories – North – Nebraska – Free (in theory) – South – Kansas – Slave (in theory) • Kansas-Nebraska Act passed in May 1856 – Kansas – fighting for the extension of slavery – “Bleeding Kansas” – min-Civil War • Pro & Anti Slavery; temporary settlers to vote • 200 died, $2 million of property destroyed 7. Dred Scott Decision • President James Buchannan takes office in 1857 – Suggests that Supreme Court should decide on the issue of slavery in the territories • South thought it would favor slavery – majority of justices from South • Dred Scott v. Sandford • Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri – his master took him to a free state & abolitionists argued he should sue for his freedom – Case went to the Supreme Court, Chief Justice Rodger B. Taney presided 7. Dred Scott Decision • The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens & did not have the right to sue in court • Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not prohibit slavery in the territories – Supported by the South, condemned by the North The Union Dissolves Section 4 8. John Brown’s Raid • John Brown – abolitionist who wanted to “break the jaws of the wicked” – the slaveholders • Harper’s Ferry, Virginia: he planed to take over an arsenal & start an insurrection – Brown & 18 followers, but Marines from Washington, DC stopped Brown & he was captured 36 hours later • Sentenced to death • Became a martyr for abolitionist cause – strengthened cause 9. Lincoln’s Election to the Presidency • Election of 1860 – Lincoln – Republican, Douglas – Northern Democrats, Bell – Constitutional Union, Breckinridge – Southern Democrat • South upset with raid at Harper’s Ferry – saw election of 1860 as a turning point – North would try to arm slaves & start a rebellion • Lincoln – abolitionist – victory for the North – Southerners threatened & secession only option 10. Session & the CSA • South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union in 1860 • By Feb 1861, six other states secede: – Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana • Federal government tries to compromise, but all attempts fail. • Delegates meet in Montgomery, AL – new nation – Confederate States of America 10. Session & CSA • The CSA Created a constitution that guaranteed slavery • First president of the CSA – Jefferson Davis – Only serves 6-year term • Lincoln decides to re-supply Ft. Sumter – located near Charleston, SC – Jefferson did not want this to happen because the fort was in a Confederate state – He knew if he fired on the supply ship it would start a war Fort Sumter • Davis asked Lincoln to turn over Ft. Sumter to the Confederacy & not re-supply the ft. – “NO” • Confederates began firing on the fort – Major Robert Anderson defended the fort – Confederates fired for 33 hours, until Anderson surrendered – The Civil War begins! Seccession • Upper South secedes – Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina • Capitol of the CSA is moved to Richmond, Viriginia