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PresentationExpress The Civil War (1861–1865) Witness History: War Between the States Resources, Strategies, and Early Battles African Americans and the War Life During the War Turning Points of the War The War’s End and Impact Click a subsection to advance to that particular section. Advance through the slide show using your mouse or the space bar. Resources, Strategies, and Early Battles Union and Confederate Resources Main Idea: As the Civil War began, each side possessed significant strengths and notable weaknesses. At first glance, most advantages appeared to add up in favor of the Union. Confederate and Union Strategies Main Idea: As the two sides prepared for war, Union and Confederate leaders contemplated their goals and how they might go about meeting them. While northerners hoped for a quick victory, southern strategists planned for a prolonged war. Early Battles of the Civil War Main Idea: The Civil War started slowly and would ultimately last nearly four years and stretch across much of the continent. Key early battles occurred at Bull Run, Shiloh, New Orleans, and Glorietta Pass. Stalemate Develops in the East Main Idea: While Union and Confederate forces squared off in the Mississippi Valley and farther west, major fighting in the East focused on the state of Virginia. The outcomes did not prove decisive for either side. Continued… Resources, Strategies, and Early Battles (continued…) Witness History: Marching Off to War Note Taking: Reading Skill: Categorize Chart: Union and Confederate Resources, 1861 Color Transparencies: Fighting the Civil War Note Taking: Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence Geography Interactive: The Civil War, 1861-1862 Progress Monitoring Transparency NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Categorize CHART Union and Confederate Resources, 1861 TRANSPARENCY Fighting the Civil War NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency African Americans and the War The Push Toward Emancipation Main Idea: Pressures from abolitionists at home and abroad urged Lincoln to address the issue of slavery, and he began working on a plan for the emancipation of enslaved African Americans living in Confederate states. Emancipation at Last Main Idea: On September 22, 1862, Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all enslaved people in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863. It didn't apply to loyal border states or to places already under Union control. African Americans Join the Fight Main Idea: With the Emancipation Proclamation, the Union moved from allowing black troops to actively recruiting them. The Confederacy considered drafting slaves and free blacks, but most southerners opposed the enlistment of African Americans. Witness History: A Memorable Day Chart: Casualties at Antietam Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Supporting Details Progress Monitoring Transparency Color Transparencies: African Americans in the Civil War NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Identify Supporting Details TRANSPARENCY African Americans in the Civil War CHART Casualties at Antietam PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Life During the War The Home Front in the North Main Idea: The drop in southern cotton production during the war had a huge impact on the northern textile industry. At the same time, other industries boomed as demand for clothing, arms, and other supplies spiked. The Home Front in the South Main Idea: The Civil War made great economic demands on the South as well. But, unlike the North, the Confederacy lacked the resources to meet these demands. As the war dragged on, the South seemed in danger of collapse. The Life of the Soldier Main Idea: Just fewer than half the eligible men in the Union and four out of five eligible men in the South served in the military during the Civil War. Their experiences combined adventure and pride with terrible hardships including illness, starvation, and injury. Women and the War Main Idea: Many women had long sought an active role in public life. The Civil War offered them new opportunities to do so. Even women who did not choose new roles often were forced to assume unfamiliar responsibilities. Continued… Life During the War (continued…) Witness History: The Hardships of War Note Taking: Reading Skill: Compare and Contrast Infographic: Troubles on the Home Fronts Chart: Currency Depreciation Color Transparencies: Political Cartoons: Copperheads Threaten the Union Progress Monitoring Transparency NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Compare and Contrast INFOGRAPHIC Troubles on the Home Fronts CHART Currency Depreciation TRANSPARENCY Political Cartoons: Copperheads Threaten the Union PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Turning Points of the War Union Victory at Vicksburg Main Idea: After two years of war, the Confederacy still had strongholds at Port Hudson, Louisiana, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. Lincoln proclaimed that Vicksburg was the key to reaching the war’s end. A Turning Point in the East Main Idea: While Union troops advanced in the West, the situation was different in the East. Despite claiming victory at Antietam, Lincoln soon replaced General McClellan for failing to pursue the retreating Confederates. The Union Presses the Advantage Main Idea: The Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg dealt a severe blow to the Confederacy. The Confederacy would still win some victories, however, the situation of the South was dire. Witness History: Gettysburg: A Soldier’s Story Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarize Geography Interactive: Campaign for Vicksburg: March - July 1863 Continued… Turning Points of the War (continued…) Color Transparencies: The Gettysburg Address History Interactive: To discover more about the Battle of Gettysburg Quick Study: Goals of Total War History Interactive: To learn more about the siege of Vicksburg Progress Monitoring Transparency NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Summarize TRANSPARENCY The Gettysburg Address QUICK STUDY Goals of Total War PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency The War’s End and Impact The War’s Final Days Main Idea: In the summer of 1864, the Confederates made a desperate stand at Petersburg, a vital railroad center. Grant knew that if he captured Petersburg, he could cut all supply lines to Richmond. Therefore he applied his siege tactics to Petersburg and ultimately achieved victory. Richmond, then defenseless, was evacuated and set on fire. Why the North Won Main Idea: The Union victory was a result of the North’s greater technological prowess, large population, abundant resources, and brilliant military leaders. Meanwhile, the South used up its resources and was unable to call upon fresh troops and supplies. The War’s Lasting Impact Main Idea: The Civil War produced extraordinary levels of casualties and destruction, social and political disillusionment on both sides, and ultimately eased the history of disunity in American political life. Witness History: The South Surrenders Note Taking: Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence Continued... The War’s End and Impact (continued…) Note Taking: Reading Skill: Understand Effects Geography Interactive: The Civil War, 1863-1865 Chart: Economic Costs of the Civil War Chart: War Deaths Progress Monitoring Transparency NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence NOTE TAKING Reading Skill: Understand Effects CHART Economic Costs of the Civil War CHART War Deaths PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency