Download Unit Six PPT 3 - Henry County Schools

 Essential
Question:
– What were the various plans to
reconstruct the Union at the
end of the Civil War?
 Warm-Up
Question:
– What problems exist now that
the Civil War is over?
Group Activity: Designing a Plan to
Reconstruct the Union after the Civil War
 Essential
Question:
– What were the various plans to
reconstruct the Union at the
end of the Civil War?
 Warm-Up
–?
Question:
Reconstruction Video (1.25)
Reconstruction (1865 to 1877)
 Reconstruction
is the era after the
Civil War when the U.S. gov’t:
–Brought the seceded Southern
states back into the Union
–Ended slavery & tried to protect
newly emancipated slaves
–Rebuilt the nation after more
than four years of fighting
Reconstruction: 1865-1877
 Reconstruction
occurred in 2 phases:
–Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67)
was lenient in order to allow Southern
states to quickly rejoin the Union; It was
initiated by President Lincoln but carried
out by President Andrew Johnson
Reconstruction: 1865-1877
 Reconstruction
occurred in 2 phases:
–Congressional Reconstruction (1867-77)
was directed by Radical Republicans
in Congress who wanted a stricter plan
that protected the rights of former slaves
& kept Confederate leaders from
regaining power in the South
nd inaugural address, Lincoln promised
In his 2Lincoln’s
Reconstruction Plan
a Reconstruction Plan for the Union with
 Before
the Civil
camefortoall”
an
“malice
towards
noneWar
& charity
end (& before his death), Lincoln
proposed his Ten-Percent Plan
 This plan was very lenient &
allowed former Confederate states
could re-enter the Union when:
–10% of its population swore an
oath of loyalty to the USA
–States ratified the 13th
Amendment ending slavery
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
 Radical
Republicans in Congress
rejected Lincoln’s plan because:
–It did nothing to protect ex-slaves
or to keep Confederate leaders
from regaining power in the South
–Wanted 50% of state populations
to swear an oath of loyalty
 When the Civil War ended & Lincoln
was assassinated in 1865, there
was no Reconstruction Plan in place
Presidential Reconstruction
 When
Lincoln was assassinated
in 1865 VP Andrew Johnson
tried to continue Lincoln’s policies:
–His Presidential Reconstruction plan
was lenient towards Southerners
–States could come back into the USA
once they ratified the 13th Amendment
Presidential Reconstruction
 Johnson’s
Reconstruction plan
hoped to quickly re-unify the nation
 But, this plan did not require strict
regulations to protect former slaves
–Southern states passed black
codes to keep African-Americans
from gaining land, jobs, voting
rights, & protection under the law
–Johnson pardoned 13,000
ex-Confederates
Presidential Reconstruction
 Led
by Thaddeus Stevens, many
“radical” Republicans in Congress
opposed Johnson’s plan & pushed
for laws to protect
African-Americans:
–Created the
Freedman’s Bureau
–Pushed for the
14th Amendment
The Freedman’s Bureau
Freedman’s Bureau was
established in 1865 to offer
assistance to former slaves &
protect their new citizenship:
–Provided emergency food,
housing, medical supplies
–Promised “40 acres & a mule”
–Supervised labor contracts
–Created new schools
 The
The Role of Freedman’s Bureau Agents
Many former
abolitionists moved
South to help freedmen,
called “carpetbaggers”
by Southern Democrats
A Freedman’s Bureau School
Historically Black Colleges in the South
The emphasis on education led to the
creation of black universities, such as
Morehouse College in Atlanta
The 14th Amendment
 Congress
feared Johnson would
allow violations of civil rights so it
drafted the 14th Amendment:
–Clarified the idea of citizenship to
include former slaves
–All citizens were entitled to equal
protection under the law & cannot
be deprived of life, liberty, property
without due process of law
–Tennessee was the only Southern
state to accept the amendment
Presidential Reconstruction
 President
Johnson opposed these
new protections because he felt it
would slow reconstruction:
–Johnson vetoed the Freedman’s
Bureau bill & encouraged
Southern states to not support
the 14th Amendment
–This backfired when Republicans
increased their control of
Congress in the 1866 elections
 With
a dominance in Congress,
moderate & “radical” Republicans
took control & began “Congressional
Reconstruction” in 1867:
–Did not recognize the state gov’ts
approved under Johnson’s Plan
–Made Reconstruction more strict
Congressional Reconstruction
 The
Reconstruction Act of 1867
required that any Confederate
state that wanted to re-enter the
Union had to:
–Ratify the 14th Amendment
–Allow African-American men the
right to vote in their states
–Keep Confederate leaders from
returning to power
Created 5 military districts to protect
former slaves & to enforce reconstruction
Johnson’s Impeachment (1868)
 President
Johnson obstructed
Congressional Reconstruction:
–He fired military generals
appointed by Congress to
oversee Southern military zones
–He violated a new law called the
Tenure of Office Act when he
tried to fire his Secretary of War
who supported Congress’ plan
 Radical
Republicans used this as an
opportunity to impeach the president
–To impeach is to formally charge
an elected official of wrongdoing
–The House of Representatives
voted 126-47 to impeach Johnson
After
an 11 week
Senate
fellonly
1 vote
Johnson
arguedtrial,
that the
removal
could
short
removing
president
from office
occurofdue
to “highthe
crimes
& misdemeanors”
but no “crime” had been committed
But…Johnson did promise to
enforce Reconstruction for the
remainder of his term…& he did!
The Senate trial of Johnson’s impeachment
was the hottest ticket in town
 In
1868, Civil War hero Ulysses Grant
won the presidency & worked with
Congress to reconstruct the South:
–By 1868, most Confederate states
had been re-admitted to the Union
under Congressional Reconstruction
–Under Grant, the last would re-enter
Because of Congressional Reconstruction,
African-American men in the South could
vote for the first time
Re-Admission of the South
1870, the 15th Amendment gave
black men the right to vote
–Prohibited any state from denying
men the right to vote due to race
–But…the amendment said nothing
about literacy tests, poll taxes, &
property qualifications
 In
Conclusions
 As
a result of Congressional
Reconstruction (1867-1877):
–All eleven Southern states were
re-admitted into the Union
–The 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments
provided protection & opportunity
for African-Americans in the South
–But, this was difficult to enforce &
sustain as Democrats slowly took
back control of Southern states
Group Activity:
Ranking
Reconstruction Plans