Download ARGUMENTS OVER THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

Map: The Anaconda Plan and the Battle of Antietam
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
11.2 The Politics of War
Objectives:
A. What divided Americans about
how to fight the war?
THEME: The North effectively
brought to bear its long term
advantages of industrial might and
human resources to wage a
devastating total war against the
South. The war helped organize and
modernize northern society, while
the South, despite heroic efforts, was
economically and socially crushed.
Diplomacy Fails
• Trent Affair, late 1861
– US Navy boards British steamer and captures 2
Confederate diplomats
• Alabama raids: 1862-1864
– British built ship, armed in Portuguese Azores
(=British are technically not arming South)
– Captured 60 US vessels, sinks 64
– Similar British built Confederate ships sink 250
Union ships
– Britain pays $15.5 million in damages after war
• 1863: the Laird “rams”= Brinkmanship with UK
– Would have broken Union blockade and probably
resulted in Union invasion of Canada
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h57000/h57256.jpg
The South’s Strategy Fails:
Britain stays Neutral
BUT, IT ALMOST DID WORK!!
1. Southern diplomats are captured by US Navy on
board the British ship Trent almost leads to war
between the US & GB (especially in Canada).
2. Britain does build warships for the South. One,
the Alabama sinks 64 Union ships.
The South’s Strategy Fails:
Britain stays Neutral
Britain did not rush to the South’s aid.
Why?
1. Britain and new sources for cotton
2. Britain is relying on Northern grain
imports
3. British people did not want to support
slave-society (Uncle Tom’s Cabin
impact)
The Blockade
• Union extends blockade (Anaconda Plan)
• Begins to have success by targeting cotton ports
• Risks war with Britain by seizing British merchants,
uses “ultimate destination” as legal cover to avoid
war
• Blockade Runners earn profits of up to 700%
• 3/9/1862: Monitor v. Merrimack  end of woodenhulled warfare, beginning of the “Ironclads”
Virginia rams Cumberland
Monitor v. Merrimack (Virginia)
Monitor after the battle with the Virginia
http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/cwar-pix/monitor.jpg
Fording the Rappahannock River
Fording the Rappahannock River
When federal troops came close enough those slaves who could do so fled behind
Union lines. These Virginia fugitives, lugging all their possessions, move toward
freedom in the summer of 1862, after the Second Battle of Bull Run. (Library of
Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Contraband slave group
Contraband slave group
A group of "contrabands" (liberated slaves) photographed at Cumberland Landing,
Virginia, May 14, 1862, at a sensitive point in the war when their legal status was
still not fully determined. The faces of the women, men, and children represent the
human drama of emancipation. (Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Emancipation Proclamation
MYTH: Lincoln “freed” the slaves
FACTS: look at the actual dates and words of
the proclamation. Where did the
Proclamation apply?
TRUTH: Lincoln saved the Union, so that the
Union, eventually, might free the slaves.
Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863
CAUSES:
• Lincoln does NOT believe govt. can abolish slavery
• HOWEVER, Union army can seize “contraband”=
to hurt South’s war effort
• Antietam’s “victory” gives Lincoln the
“opportunity” to issue preliminary proclamation on
Sept. 23, 1862.
• Emancipates only those slaves in states still in
rebellion, NOT IN THE BORDER STATES!!!
“. . . on the first day of January . . .
all persons held as slaves within any
State, or designated part of a State,
the people whereof shall then be in
rebellion against the United States
shall be then, thenceforward, and
forever free.“
President Abraham Lincoln,
preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation, September 22, 1862
Emancipation Proclamation
EFFECTS:
•
•
•
•
Settles the “contraband” question.
Many slaves escape North to join Union
Ends the possibility of a negotiated settlement
Unpopular in Sections of North, Copperheads
gain support
QUESTION: Did the Emancipation Proclamation
“ennoble” the cause of the North?
ARGUMENTS OVER THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
FOR
AGAINST
ACTION/DECISION TAKEN
EFFECTS/REACTION TO THE
ACTION/DECISION
DISSENT
• Lincoln suspends rights and freedoms:
– Sends federal troops to occupy MD, and arrests hundreds
of MD’ers, including most of the politicians
– (DC could not survive if MD went over to South)
– Suspended habeas corpus = holding people in jail w/o
trial, up to 13,000 were so held
– Copperheads was name given to Northern Democrats
who wanted peace with South, many arrested
– seized control of telegraph offices
NOTE: Jefferson Davis also suspended liberties in South.
http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k12/collectionnavigator?cuecard=464
ARGUMENTS OVER LINCOLN’S HANDLING OF DISSENT
FOR
AGAINST
ACTION/DECISION TAKEN
EFFECTS/REACTION TO THE
ACTION/DECISION
CONSCRIPTION (=DRAFT)
NORTH:
SOUTH:
•
•
•
•
• Started in 1862
• Ages 18-35
• Exemptions for
slaveholders with 20
slaves or more
• Substitutes allowed
• 80% of elegible men
served
Started in 1863
Ages 20-45 for 3 years
Substitutes allowed
Commutations for
$300
• Bounties paid to
volunteers
• 92% of army
volunteered
http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k12/collectionnavigator?cuecard=577
DRAFT RIOTS:
New York City draft riots in July 1863. 11
African Americans lynched. Over 100 killed.
ARGUMENTS OVER CONSCRIPTION
FOR
AGAINST
ACTION/DECISION TAKEN
EFFECTS/REACTION TO THE
ACTION/DECISION
http://www.timelines.info/history/conflict_and_war/18th_&_19th_century_conflicts/american_civil_war/
11.3 Life During Wartime
A. How did African-Americans participate in the
war?
B. How did women participate in the war?
C. How were the economies of the North and the
South changed by the Civil War?