Download The Civil War

The Civil War
1861-1865
North vs South
A war between opposing groups of the same country
Secession
•
•
Withdrawing from the union
South Carolina - first to
secede
• Formed the Confederate
States of America-1861
• Eleven states formed the
Confederacy
• Created a constitution similar
to the U.S.;
couldn’t abolish slavery
Jefferson Davis
•Elected president of
the Confederacy
•Six year term
•Capable leader
•Criticized by
confederates
for violating states’
rights
Lincoln’s Inauguration
• In his speech said the
following:
• would do what was
necessary to preserve the
union
• no state could lawfully
leave the Union
• would not attack the
seceding states
• the issue of a civil war in
the hands of the South
The Confederacy
Border States
• Slave states that
remained with the Union
•
•
•
•
Missouri
Kentucky
Maryland
Delaware
• Soon to be West Virginia
Advantages-The North
Objective: Preserve the Union
• 22 million people
• Most of the nation’s
wealth
• Manufacturing
• Two-thirds railroad
mileage
• Greater agricultural
resources
• existing army and navy
The South
Objective: Preserve its way of
life, dependent on slavery
• Population 9 million, 4. 5
million slaves
• Wealth in land and slaves
• Compact unit, fight a
defensive war
• Had excellent generals &
well-trained men
• Won early victories
The Civil War Began
Attack on federal Fort Sumter, entrance to
Charleston Harbor - Confederates demanded
surrender
Strategy of the North
• Blockade the South-prevent shipments & supplies
(The Anaconda Plan)
• Divide the Confederacy by gaining control of the
Mississippi River
• Defend Washington, D.C., and take an offensive
against Richmond, Va.
Strategy of the South
• Fight a defensive war
• Seek aid from Great
Britain and France
• Drag the war out to
make the Yankee’s
quit
Strategy of the North
The CSS Virginia
Two Capable Generals
• Robert E. Lee
vs.
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
• Officer in the US
Army
• Chose Virginia
over America
Ulysses S. Grant
• Lincoln fired several
generals for being too
timid
• He finally settles on
grant in 1864, saying
“I can’t spare this
man, he FIGHTS”
Early Victory for the South
• First Battle
of Bull Run
• Only 25
miles from
Washington,
D.C.
• Victory for
the South
• Hope for a
short war
vanished
Battle of Antietam
• September 17, 1862
• Lee fought Union forces under Gen. George McClellan
• One of the bloodiest battles of the war- 4,000 men lost
an HOUR (total 26,000)
• Lee retreats to Richmond, cannot invade the North
Problems in the Confederacy
Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued by President
Lincoln
• Effective January 1,
1863
• Freed all slaves in the
states in rebellion
• Did not free the slaves
in the border states
• Slavery became a war
aim
A New Weapon
Battle of Gettysburg:
Turning Point of the War
Gettysburg-Northern Victory
• Lee planned an all out
invasion of Union territory
• Moved into Pennsylvania
in July, 1863
• Confederate & Union
forces met at the small
market town of Gettysburg
• Pickett couldn’t break the
Union hold on Cemetery
Ridge
• Lee retreated-never
invaded North again
Gettysburg Address
• Delivered by
President Lincoln
• Commemorated the
deaths at the battle
of Gettysburg
• Reaffirmed the
preservation of the
Union
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Appomattox Court House
Lee Surrenders to Grant
Results of our Civil War
• 618,000 military
deaths: N-360,000;
S-258,000
• Emancipation of 4
million slaves
• First modern war:
submarines,
ironclads, repeating
rifles
• Established-states
have no right to
secede from the
Union
Results of our Civil War
• Destroyed southern way of life, but led
to diversification and growth
• Produced bitterness between North &
South that lasted for decades
• Strengthened the federal government