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The Nation Breaks Apart: Causes of the Civil War The North and South ► The North ► More Industrial (Factories) ► Opposed Slavery (but were still prejudice) ► High Rate of Immigration ► The South ► Plantations ► Supported Slavery Nat Turner and the Rebellion at Southhampton County, Virginia ► Nat Turner was a popular African-American religious leader that lead a slave rebellion in Virginia. ► His group killed 55 whites. ► Even though he was hanged, it put fear in the Southern whites. The Controversy of Missouri ► When Missouri requested to become a state in 1819, they were a slave territory. ► The reason it could happen: The constitution didn’t have a law against it. ► The problem it could cause: 11 states were pro-slavery, 11 states were anti-slavery. If Missouri was allowed in the Union it would upset the balance. Missouri Compromise ► Henry Clay, speaker of the House, proposed a solution to the Missouri issue. ► His proposal was known as the Missouri Compromise. ► The Missouri Compromise proposed: A) Missouri would be a slave state. B) Maine would be a free state. ► ► ► Congressed agreed to the proposal in order to keep the balance even. Slave State – Free State - Union ► Slave state – a state that allowed slavery. ► Free state – a state that did not allow slavery. ► Union – another name used for the United States. How the North and South Differed ► The North and South had different economic systems. The North was more industrial. The South was the King of Cotton Plantations. ► They were both competing for western territories. ► The North wanted to ban slavery. ► The South wanted the North to stay out of southern affairs. ► The disagreement grew into sectionalism. ► Sectionalism – an exaggerated loyalty to particular region of the country. A crushing blow to ending slavery ► While some people supported slavery others spoke out against it. These people were called abolitionist. ► Abolitionist – an anti-slavery activist. ► The Southern slave owner wanted a way to have runaway slaves returned to them. ► As a result, the Fugitive Slave Act was passed. ► Fugitive Slave Act – law that required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves. Frederick Douglass ► Frederick Douglass - A former slave from Maryland that be came an influential Abolitionist. Abolitionist and Literature ► Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a story about the evils of slavery called Uncle Tom’s Cabin. ► William Lloyd Garrison printed an antislavery newspaper called The Liberator. ► Proslavery writers defended that slaves lived better than factory workers in the North. Who said the following? ► The bitterest tears shed over graves are for words left unsaid and deeds left undone. ► Harriet Beecher Stowe The Compromise of 1850 ► The Compromise of 1850 was a passed proposal that a state should decide whether they would be a free or slave state by using a method called popular sovereignty. ► Popular sovereignty – authority carried out by the people at large. The Underground Railroad ► The Underground Railroad was a vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada. Harriet Tubman ► Harriet Tubman - A former slave that became one of the most famous conductors for the Underground Railroad. Another Compromise, More Problems ► Congress passed the Kansas – Nebraska in 1854. ► The Kansas – Nebraska Act – gave the states of Kansas and Nebraska the decision to have slavery or not. ► The bill was strongly favored by Northern Democrats. A move that would come back to haunt them in the next election. ► Just one year after the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed, a proslavery legislature was elected in the state of Kansas. The Conspiracy and the Fall Out. ► Only 1,500 voters lived in Kansas. More than 6,000 voters cast ballots in the election. ► Thousands of proslavery supporters from Missouri crossed the border just to vote in the election. ► These Missourians traveled in armed groups and became known as border ruffians. ► Border ruffians were Missourians that traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas’s elections during the mid-1850’s. John Brown ► John Brown - An abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery. ► Moved to Kansas from Ohio with his six sons. Bleeding Kansas ►A series of fights broke out between pro and anti-slavery supporters. ► In Lawrence, Kansas, the town was sacked and burned by pro slavery supporters. Harpers Ferry ► John Brown and six others led an attack at an U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, killing 5 slavery supporters. Who was it? ► He led the cadets at John Brown’s hanging. ► Did not support slavery. ► Was originally offered the command over the entire Union army, but turned it down. ► Robert E. Lee Violence in Congress ► The violence in Kansas spread into Congress. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivered a speech entitled “The Crime Against Kansas.” Sumner lashed out at proslavery senators repeatedly attacking Sen. Andrew Butler from South Carolina. ► Two days later Preston Brooks beat Sumner unconscious. The Rise of the Republicans ► Angered over t he KansasNebraska Act, democrats that were split with other democrats, Whigs, and FreeSoilers to form the Republican Party. ► They were to determine to rally as one man for the establishment of liberty and the overthrow of the Slave Power. ► This formation would later come to haunt the South. The Dred Scott Case ► Dred Scott was a slave bought by an army doctor in Missouri. ► They moved to Illinois which was a free state. The doctor dies. ► His lawyers go to court saying he disserved his freedom cause he lived on free-soil and his owner died. ► Eleven years later the Supreme Court decided that he was still a slave. The Republicans Use the Dred Scott to their advantage. ► Republican party said if they were elected in the 1960 election that they would change the Supreme Court. ► They said they would appoint new Supreme Court Justices and reverse the decision. ► This pleased Northern Democrats. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates ► Abraham ► ► Lincoln Republican In favor for equal rights for slaves. ► Stephen ► ► A Douglas Democrat In favor of excluding Slaves from equal rights Lincoln becomes the Republican Presidential Candidate. ► The reason Lincoln was choosen: ► Did not like slavery. ► Did not say he was going to end slavery. Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election of 1860. Who said the following? ► Avoid popularity if you would have peace. ► Common looking people are the best in the world: that is why there are so many around. ► If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one. How the election affected the South ► Because the Democratic party was split, the republicans easily one the election of 1860. ► Lincoln won the Northern states. Most Southern states didn’t have him on the ballot. ► The Southern states feared that with the Republicans would change the South’s ability to have slaves. ► South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union. The Emergence of Jefferson Davis ► Jefferson Davis was chosen to be the president of the Confederate States of America. The Two Capitals ► The Union ► Washington D.C. served as the capital for the Union. ► The Confederacy ► Richmond served as the capital for the Confederacy. The Effect of Border States ► Border states – were states between the North and South that were dived over whether to stay in the Union or join the Confederacy. ► The decision of a border state could effect the strategy of either side. The Effects of Secession ► West Virginia became a separate state after 48 counties broke away from Virginia. ► Congress admitted the state into the Union in 1863. The Strengths of the Union ► a) b) c) d) The Strengths of the Union Larger Population Better Railroad System Better Artillery More Industry Who said the following? ► “You can fool some of the people all the time, and those are the ones you want to concentrate on.” ► “Most imports are from outside of the country” ► “I just want you to know that, when we talk about war, we're really talking about peace.” The Weaknesses of the Union ► The North would have to invade the South, especially in major hostile areas. ► The North had a divided public opinion over the war. ► Support for war was “shaky”. The Strengths of the Confederacy ► a) b) c) The Strengths of the Confederacy Strong Support from its people Knew the landscape Military Leadership The Weaknesses of the Confederacy ► Smaller ► Fewer Population Weapons ► Fewer Railroads (delivery food and supplies could be difficult) ► States refused to give the government enough power to fight the war effectively. The Aims of Both Sides ► The Union’s aim was to bring the Confederacy back into the Union. ► The Confederacy’s aim was to win recognition as an independent country. The Strategy of the North ► Use their more superior navy to close of Southern ports to prevent supplies from reaching the South and prevent them from making money through exporting cotton. ► Gain control of the Mississippi River to cut supply lines and split the Confederacy. ► Capture Richmond, VA the capital of the Confederacy. The Strategy of the South ► Defend its homeland, holding on to as much territory as possible until the North tired and agreed to recognizing their independence. ► Expected assistance from England and France, which imported large quantities of cotton. ► They later would strategies their armies towards Washington D.C. in hopes of persuading the North that they could not win. Americans Against Americans ► Lincoln had three brother-in-laws that fought on the side of the Confederacy. ► Kentucky Senator had two sons that served as generals…..one for the North and one for the South. ► Confederates Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee & Union Generals George McClellan and William Sherman attend the Military Academy at West Point. A Perspective of the War Union sergeant Driscoll led his troops up Malvern Hill on July 1, 1862. The enemy fought fiercely, especially on young Confederate soldier. Driscoll raised his gun and shot the boy. As he passed by where the boy had fallen, Driscoll turned the daring soldier over to see what he looked like. The boy opened his eyes and faintly murmured….. ”Father,” then his eyes fluttered shut, never to open again. A Union captain later wrote, “I will forever recollect the frantic grief of Driscoll; it was harrowing to witness. He had killed his son who had gone South before the war.” ► Test will be on Tuesday, August 18th. ► Remember…get on the test. your notes signed for +5