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Causes of the Civil War
Slavery Fuels the Fire
SS8H6: The student will analyze the impact
of the Civil War and Reconstruction on
Georgia.
Causes of the Civil War
Free vs. Slave States- 1819
Free States
1. New York
2. New Jersey
3. Connecticut
4. Rhode Island
5. Pennsylvania
6. New Hampshire
7. Vermont
8. Massachusetts
9. Ohio
10. Indiana
11. Illinois
Slave States
1. Virginia
2. Kentucky
3. Maryland
4. Delaware
5. North Carolina
6. South Carolina
7. Georgia
8. Alabama
9. Mississippi
10. Louisiana
11. Tennessee
The Missouri Problem
• Problem: In 1819, there were 11
slave states and 11 free states.
Missouri wanted to become a new
state in the Union. Should Missouri
be a slave state or free state?
The Missouri Problem
Do you think Missouri should be
free because slavery was
unfair?...
The Missouri Problem
What if the people of Missouri
wanted slavery? Doesn’t
majority rule?
The Missouri Problem
What if the people of Missouri
have big plantations and they
say they need slaves to work?
Meet Senator John C. Calhoun
• Government leader from the
state of South Carolina
• Believed in state’s rights,
believed Missouri should decide
whether to be slave or free
• Really wanted Missouri to be a
slave state
Slave
Missouri should
decide for itself
whether to be slave
or free! I know it will
pick slavery 
Meet Senator Henry Clay
• Government leader from
the state of Kentucky
• AKA (also known as) “The
Great Compromiser”
• Believed in compromise, or
making deals & agreements
Slave
Free
Hey guys…let’s make
a deal, or shall I say, a
compromise ! Missouri
can be slave and
Maine will be free!
Missouri Compromise-Solution
1. Missouri will be a slave state
2. Maine will be a free state
3. Any states in the Louisiana
Territory NORTH of the
Missouri Compromise Line
will be FREE
4. Any states in the Louisiana
Territory SOUTH of the
Missouri Compromise Line
will be SLAVE
In fact, let us settle this
slave vs. free state
issue for good! Here is
a compromise….
Missouri Compromise- Label Your Map!
Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise Line
In fact, let us settle this
slave vs. free state
issue for good! Here is
a compromise….
Quick Review
1) In 1819, the U.S. was made up of ____ free
states and ____ slave states.
2) What is a “free state”?
3) What is a “slave state”?
4) How did the Missouri Compromise Change
the balance of free states and slave states?
Free vs. Slave States- 1820
Free States
1. New York
2. New Jersey
3. Connecticut
4. Rhode Island
5. Pennsylvania
6. New Hampshire
7. Vermont
8. Massachusetts
9. Ohio
10. Indiana
11. Illinois
12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
Slave States
1. Virginia
2. Kentucky
3. Maryland
4. Delaware
5. North Carolina
6. South Carolina
7. Georgia
8. Alabama
9. Mississippi
10. Louisiana
11. Tennessee
12. Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
Causes of the Civil War
Free vs. Slave States- 1849
Free States
1. New York
2. New Jersey
3. Connecticut
4. Rhode Island
5. Pennsylvania
6. New Hampshire
7. Vermont
8. Massachusetts
9. Ohio
10. Indiana
11. Illinois
12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
13. Michigan
14. Wisconsin
15. Iowa
Slave States
1. Virginia
2. Kentucky
3. Maryland
4. Delaware
5. North Carolina
6. South Carolina
7. Georgia
8. Alabama
9. Mississippi
10. Louisiana
11. Tennessee
12. Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
13. Arkansas
14. Florida
15. Texas
Another Problem! Compromise of 1850
• Problem: In 1849, there were 15
slave states and 15 free states.
California wanted to become a new
state in the Union. Should California
be a slave state or free state?
Senator John C. Calhoun
What do you think he
wanted California to
be??
Senator John C. Calhoun
California
should be a
slave state!
Slave
Senator Henry Clay
What do you
think he wanted
California to be??
Senator Henry Clay
Free
Let’s compromise!
California
will be a free
California
state, but the North
should
a
must
pass thebe
Fugitive
Slave
Law state!
slave
Compromise of 1850
Free
Senator Henry Clay
Let’s compromise!
California
will be a free
California
state, but the North
should
a
must
pass thebe
Fugitive
Slave
Law state!
slave
Compromise of 1850
…the North must
agree to pass the
Let’s compromise!
California
will be a free
California
state, but the North
should
a
must
pass thebe
Fugitive
Slave
Law state!
slave
Compromise of 1850-Solution
The Compromise of
1850 –
• 1.) California = free state
• 2.) Slave trade = ended in
Washington, D.C.
• 3.) Utah and New Mexico
territories would vote to
become slave or free states
• 4.) Strengthened the 1793
Fugitive Slave Act
In fact, let us settle this
slave vs. free state
issue for good! Here is
a compromise….
Compromise of 1850- Label Your Map!
Compromise of 1850
A Fugitive Slave
means a
Runaway Slave
The Fugitive Slave Law said that
people who lived in the free states
had to capture and return any
runaway slaves to their owners
Harriet Beecher Stowe- Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Result: Harriet Beecher
Stowe, who was an
abolitionist, wrote a book
called Uncle Tom’s Cabin in
1852 to speak against the
Fugitive Slave Law.
• The book showed the horrible
conditions of slavery and
increased northern protest
against the Fugitive Slave Act.
ABOLITIONIST = a person who was against slavery
A Fugitive Slave
means a
Runaway Slave
Result: Some Northerners
followed the Fugitive Slave Law,
but many abolitionists who did not
like slavery continued to help
slaves escape to freedom.
Quick Review
• 1) In 1849, the U.S. was made up of ____
free states and ____ slave states.
2) Why was adding a new state a
problem?
3) What is the Fugitive Slave Law?
Free vs. Slave States- 1850
Free States
1. New York
2. New Jersey
3. Connecticut
4. Rhode Island
5. Pennsylvania
6. New Hampshire
7. Vermont
8. Massachusetts
9. Ohio
10. Indiana
11. Illinois
12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
13. Michigan
14. Wisconsin
15. Iowa
16. California ( Compromise of 1850)
Slave States
1. Virginia
2. Kentucky
3. Maryland
4. Delaware
5. North Carolina
6. South Carolina
7. Georgia
8. Alabama
9. Mississippi
10. Louisiana
11. Tennessee
12. Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
13. Arkansas
14. Florida
15. Texas
Causes of the Civil War
Free vs. Slave States- 1850
Free States
1. New York
2. New Jersey
3. Connecticut
4. Rhode Island
5. Pennsylvania
6. New Hampshire
7. Vermont
8. Massachusetts
9. Ohio
10. Indiana
11. Illinois
12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
13. Michigan
14. Wisconsin
15. Iowa
16. California ( Compromise of 1850)
Slave States
1. Virginia
2. Kentucky
3. Maryland
4. Delaware
5. North Carolina
6. South Carolina
7. Georgia
8. Alabama
9. Mississippi
10. Louisiana
11. Tennessee
12. Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820)
13. Arkansas
14. Florida
15. Texas
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
said the people of Kansas and
Nebraska would decide whether
the states will be free or slave…
Kansas-Nebraska Act: what do you think happened??
states
vote on
slavery
Bleeding Kansas
Result: Instead of solving the slavery
problem, the Kansas-Nebraska Act
of 1854 made people race to these
states and fight over voting. This
became known as Bleeding Kansas.
Bleeding Kansas
This became known as Bleeding
Kansas…
Quick Review
1) Was Georgia a free state or a slave
state in the 1800s?
2) What was the Fugitive Slave Law?
3) Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act
not a good law? What did it lead to?
Causes of the Civil War
December 8, 2014
Instructions: Notes on the causes of the Civil War. Place these notes in
your foldable. You are to read through the notes and write the
importance/impact that each event or person before the Civil War.
Look for this icon to help assist you in what you need to record.
States’ Rights
• One of the main issues between the North and
the south was slavery
• Also, the Southern States wanted to follow
their own laws. They did not want federal
laws to over rule the laws of the states.
• Why would this not work? When in history did
we decide that we needed a stronger federal
government?
STATES RIGHTS
• STATES’ RIGHTS- PRIVILEGES THAT
STATES HAVE TO RUN THEMSELVES
WITHOUT FEDERAL INTERFERENCE.
HOW MUCH CONTROL SHOULD STATES
HAVE IN THEIR OWN RULES AND LAWS?
N- FED LAWS RULE ALL, SUPREME COURT
DECIDE ALL ISSUES, SECEDE ILLEGAL,
NULLIFICATION NOT ALLOWED
S- Constitution= contract by choice, can secede
and nullify laws
Alexander Stephens /Georgia Platform
• 1850- Georgia held a convention in Milledgeville to
debate the Compromise of 1850
• SECESSION WAS NOT A SOLUTION TO
PROTECT SLAVERY AND STATES’RIGHTS
• OUTLINE TO SUPPORT COMPROMISE
• WANTED TO KEEP THE UNION
Alexander Stephens /Georgia Platform
• Howell Cobb, Alexander H. Stephens, and Robert
Toombs represented Georgia in Congress and
wielded a great deal of political influence within the
state
• Stephens’ arguments led to the Georgia Platform
• Their influence led to the Georgia Platform being
accepted as a conditional acceptance of the
Compromise of 1850
• Georgia was credited with preventing war and
secession
THE GEORGIA PLATFORM
The Georgia Platform–
•Although unpopular, members of General Assembly
(Alexander Stephens) asked Georgians to accept
the Georgia Platform which was a Proclamation by
Georgia wanting the North to support the Fugitive
Slave Act, and to stop trying to ban slavery in new
states.
Dred Scott
Another Abolitionist…
Imagine being told that you had
no rights because of your skin
color. Imagine if you were told
you were not a citizen of your
country, even though you
worked every day to help your
country… That is what Dred
Scott was told.
Dred Scott
Scott v. Sanford (1857)
• In 1834, Dred Scott was taken by
his owner from Missouri (S) to
Illinois (F) and Wisconsin territory
(F).
• When he returned to Missouri,
Scott filed a lawsuit claiming he
was free because he had lived in a
free state.
Dred Scott
• Abolitionists raised enough money to take
the case to the U.S. Supreme Court.
• The court said that he could not sue
because he was a slave (personal
property) and not a US citizen.
• The court also stated that Congress had
no right to stop slavery in western
territories -- like they had done with
Kansas.
Dred Scott Decision- 1857
• Dred Scott sued for his freedom after his
owner died.
• Scott’s argument was that because his
owner had taken him North into free
territory for four years, he therefore was
freed.
Result: in the Dred Scott
Decision, the Supreme Court
decided against Scott (a
slave), saying that slaves had
no rights because they were
not citizens of the U.S.
Which statement explains how the Dred Scott
decision pushed the nation closer to war?
A.The Supreme Court ruled that, while slaves
were citizens, they could not sue.
B.The Supreme Court ruled that slavery was not
a legal right of the southern states.
C.The Supreme Court ruled that the federal
government could not stop slavery in territories.
D.The Supreme Court ruled that slave owners
had to be reimbursed for slaves who escaped on
the Underground Railroad.
Which statement explains how the Dred Scott
decision pushed the nation closer to war?
.
C. The Supreme Court ruled that the federal
government could not stop slavery in territories.
READ and RESPOND TO QUESTION BELOW.
"A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this
government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free.
I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the
house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will
become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents of
slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the
public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of
ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall
become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new — North
as well as South.
~ “A House Divided” Speech, 1858. Written by
What did the quote above predict regarding slavery?
If you had lived before the Civil War, would you have
agreed with this idea, and why/why not?
The Election of 1860
And, in this
corner…
Stephen
Douglass
Abraham
Lincoln
• 4 different candidates –
Douglass (N. Dem), Lincoln
(Rep), Breckinridge (S. Dem),
and Bell (CUP)
John C.
Breckinridge
John Bell
Election of 1860
• The election of 1860 became a very hot topic
across the nation.
• The Democrats met to choose the presidential
candidate
– Northern Democrats pick Stephen Douglas
– Southern Democrats wanted someone to protect
slavery in the territories, so they walked out on the
convention.
• Southern Democrats met in Richmond, VA and chose
John Breckinridge, the current Vice President, as their
choice. They took the position that no one could stop
citizens from taking slaves into any western territory.
Election of 1860
• In the end, the Republican Party chose
Abraham Lincoln as their candidate.
• A fourth party was formed called the
Constitutional Union Party. They
nominated John Bell. They took no
official position on slavery.
The Election of 1860
• With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won the
election easily.
• Southerners feared that a Republican victory
would encourage radicals like John Brown to
try and free slaves.
• Even though Lincoln and the Republican party
promised to leave slavery alone in the areas
that it existed, southerners did not trust them.
• The South cast only 16,000 votes for Lincoln.
Won without 1 single electoral vote from a
southern state. Not even one vote was cast for
Lincoln in GA!
Secession
Viewpoint of the NORTH:
• Secession is unlawful and threatens the very principles our
nation was founded on.
Viewpoint of the SOUTH:
• By 1861, many southerners felt that the only
option was to secede from the union.
• Secession is not unlawful and will allow both
regions to live as they wish and in peace.
SECESSION
• On Dec. 20, 1860, South Carolina held a
special convention and voted to secede (or
withdraw) from the union.
• Leaders in Washington D.C. worked to try
and create a compromise.
• Senator John Crittenden proposed a series
of amendments to the Constitution. The
main point said that slavery would be
protected below the 36 degree lat. line.
SECESSION
• Lincoln and Republicans would not
accept this. They stated that they won
the election based on the fact that no
more territories would enter as slave
states, so they would not give in now.
• Southern leaders felt doomed and stated
“We split on every plan to compromise,”
“No human power can save the Union.”
SECESSION
• Most Georgians supported S. Carolina’s
secession except for Alexander
Stephens.
• On January 16, 1861, GA’s Governor
requested a special meeting.
– 208 of the 297 delegates voted to leave the
Union.
• On January 19, 1861, Georgia officially
declared itself an independent republic.
6th S of the Civil War:
SECESSION
• By February 1861, Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas had voted
to secede.
• On February 4, 1861, delegates from each
of these states met and formed a new nation
called the Confederate States of America.
• Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected
President, and Robert Toombs of Ga. The
secretary of State. Alexander Stephens of
GA was named Vice President.
The Role of Alexander
StephenS…
• Most Georgians supported S.
Carolina’s decision to secede except
for Alexander Stephens (a GAn). He
thought GA should stay with the
Union.
• On January 19, 1861, Georgia
officially declared itself an
independent republic.
• Alexander Stephens goes on to be
Vice President of the Confederate
States of America.
“In my judgment , the
election of no man,
constitutionally
chosen to that high
office, is sufficient
cause to justify any
state to separate the
Union”
-Alexander Stephens
Civil War: The Big Picture…
Causes of Civil War
Effect or Result
• The Industrial North states & the
Agricultural South states are different
• The North does not need slaves for its
economy, the South needs slaves
• The North & South DO NOT agree on
slavery
• Every time a new state wants to join
the United States, the North and South
fight over whether it will be a slave state
or free state!
Civil War
begins!