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Chapter 20 Notes Fort Sumter Had a very limited supply Would only last a few weeks Lincoln wanted to send provisions The South saw it as aggression On April 12, 1861 the Confederates attacked 34 hour bombardment – took no lives The Garrison surrendered This electrified the North Before talked of departing in peace The Border States Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina joined the seceded states. Richmond Virginia became the Confederate capital. Leaves Indian Territory (Oklahoma) Missouri, Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland and Delaware as border states Lincoln: “Hoped to have God on his side but had to have Kentucky” Ohio River Tributaries: Cumberland and Tennessee United States map of 1861, show affiliation of states and territories regarding the Civil War Legend: Dark Maroon: States that seceded before April 15, 1861 Red: States that seceded after April 15, 1861 Yellow: Union states that permitted slavery Blue: Union states that forbade slavery Grey: Territories unaffiliated The South Advantages Talented officers Fighting on own soil Bred to fight Disadvantages Shortages of shoes, uniforms, and blankets Population 9 million Including 3.5 million slaves Many often went hungry due to supply problems Breakdown of transportation system Rail Roads The North Advantages Economy Huge farm AND sprawling factory ¾ of the nation’s wealth The sea Established a blockade Choked off supplies Shattered Southern morale Manpower 22 million Immigrants Disadvantages Less prepared army “Clodhoppers” “Shopkeepers” No effective military leaders Trial and error The Ifs If the Border States had seceded If uncertain states of the upper Mississippi Valley had turned against the Union If a wave of Northern defeatism had demanded an armistice If Britain and/or France had broken the blockade The South Might Have Won King Cotton British relied on American South for 75% of its cotton supplies Needed Food more Such good crops years before left Britain with a surplus India and Egypt filled in the gap later And getting that from the North A good reason not to cross the blockade and risk a war with the Union The Blockade is a key reason why the South was claiming only 12% of the nations wealth in 1870 Europe Britain The Trent Affair Making ships Alabama Laird rams Best interest to help south but own people would not have it Eventually have to bow to the Northern requests France Ignores Southern pleas Uses war as a chance to take Mexico Inserts Maximilian as Emperor of Mexico Was hoping they would forget Monroe Doctrine Napoleon III gives up Maximillian before firing squad The North Economic Boom Leaps in technology creates America’s first Millionaire boys Sewing machines Putting profits before patriotism “shoddy millionaires” Fabricating uniforms and footwear Goodbye tailored clothing hello sizes Petroleum a.k.a. coal oil Vast surpluses in grain