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Section 1: “The Emancipation
Proclamation Calls for Emancipation”
• Some abolitionists said Lincoln was being too
_____________ about slavery. Other said he
was aiding the _________________________.
• He hesitated because: 1) He didn’t believe he
had the ___________ to outlaw slavery. 2) He
didn’t want to anger the _______________. 3)
Most N. opposed _______________. 4) He
didn’t want the issue to ___________________
further.
• Lincoln disliked slavery, but his first priority was
to _____________________. By the summer
of 1862, he made a decision. If freeing the
slaves would ______________ the South, he’d
do it. He waited until he was in a position of
strength. With the victory of ______________,
he was ready.
“The Emancipation Proclamation”
• On Jan. 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves
in ________________ territory.
• Why free slaves only in the S.?
• It was a _________________ because it would
weaken the Confederacy. The Constitution
didn’t give Lincoln the power to free slaves in
the ____________. The Proclamation showed
Lincoln’s political genius. By issuing the Proclamation, he made the war about ____________.
Britain had taken a stand against slavery and
could not support __________________.
“Response to the Proclamation”
• ____________________ were thrilled with the
Proclamation, others were critical: Why not all
slaves?
• ____________________ were especially upset.
The were concerned that the Proclamation
would make the war longer b/c it angered the S.
Most ____________________welcomed
emancipation.
• _____________________ were outraged.
Although it had limited impact, many slaves
began to run away. At the same time that the
slaves deprived the Confederacy of ________,
they provided the Union with ___________
(eventually).
“African American Soldiers”
• The Emancipation Proclamation also declared
that __________________ could enlist in the
armed services.
• After the Proclamation was passed, African
Americans rushed to join the army. By the
war’s end about ___________ black soldiers
had served in the Union army.
• African American soldiers were organized into
____________ regiments, usually led by _____
officers. They were given the worst jobs to do and
were paid _________ than whites. More than one
regiment insisted on fighting _______________ rather
than accepting lower pay than the white soldiers.
“The 54th Massachusetts”
• The unit that insisted on fighting without pay was the
__________________________. The soldiers of this
regiment made the 54th the most famous of the war.
• It won its greatest fame in July 1863, when it led a
heroic attack on ______________.
• Black soldiers faced grave danger if they were caught.
Confederate soldiers often shot them and returned
them to ______________.
slavery
Section 2: “War Affects Society”
• Read “One American’s Story” p. 507.
• By the spring of 1863, S. were weary of war.
Soldiers began to __________. By the end the
year, the Confederacy had lost nearly ____ of
its men. Many were deserters.
• Some were ______________, but most had
deserted.
• Difficulties of waging war caused
disagreements with the S. states. The same
principle of ________________ that led to
secession caused difficulties in coordinating
the war effort.
• Disagreements in the N. too. Lincoln’s main
opponents: ___________________, N.
demo-crats who favored peace with the S.
Lincoln had protestors arrested and he
suspended the ________________________,
which prevents the gov’t from hold people w/o
a trial.
“The Draft Laws”
• As the war con’t, both sides needed more
soldiers. They passed ________________,
aka the draft. All able-bodied men between 1845
were required to join the army. Exceptions: (S.)
Planters who owned 20 or more slaves. Also
______________. In N. men were offered
___________of $300 to join army. Result: only
a sm. % of N. soldiers were drafted.
• Draft was still unpopular. July, 1863, the draft
and ___________ tensions led to draft riots in
NYC. Over 100 people were killed, many of
them _____________________.
“Economic Effects of the War”
•The Suffering was most sever in the ________.
Food shortage was a problem b/c __________
were fighting in the war. Difficulties getting food
to market b/c the trains were used for
transporting ___________________.
•Other problem: ________________ (See “Daily
Life” p.509). It was a problem in the N. too.
•Fed. gov’t passed 2 important economic
measures: 1) ______________ and 2) _____
___________. The new currency helped ensure
people had money to spend and also to
_____________________.
•
•
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“Resistance by Slaves”
Another factor that affected the S.: resistance
from __________. Slaves slowed or stopped
working. Some carried out ________________
More rose up in _______________. Usually
they ran away and joined the _____________.
The Emancipation Proclamation led to as many
as _________________ to flee to the Union.
“Women Aid in the War Effort”
____________ assumed more responsibilities.
______________________ occurred b/c
women volunteered as nurses and _________.
• In Union hospitals ______________ became a
respectable profession under the leadership of
_______________.
• They also played a key role as ________.
_________________ was a N. spy on the coast
SC. The most famous Confederate spy was
______________________.
“Civil War Prison Camps”
• POWs faced terrible conditions. One of the
worst in the N. was _____________ in NY. The
harshest feature in the prisoner’s life was the
____________. In 1 year, ______ of 12, 121
prisoners died of sickness and exposure.
• In S., _____________________ in GA was the
worst. Built to hold 10,000 prisoners, at one
point it housed ___________. Little shelter. As
many as _____ men died per day from
starvation, disease and exposure. About _____
men died in prison camps.
Section 3: “The North Wins”
“The Siege of Vicksburg”
• July 4, 1863, Grant won _______________, the
last major stronghold on the Mississippi R. The
victory fulfilled a major part of the __________
__________. The S. was now ____________.
• The victories of Vicksburg and _____________
caused the tide of war to turn in favor of the N.
Lincoln found a general willing to fight Lee:
__________________.
“Sherman’s Total War”
• In March, 1864, Lincoln appointed __________ as
commander of all Union armies.
• Grant’s plan to defeat the Confederacy: he would
pursue Lee while Gen. ______________
______________ pushed through the deep S. to
_____________ and the Atlantic coast.
• Sherman waged a _____________: not only against
enemy troops, but also against everything that
supports the enemy, especially _______________.
• Sherman’s triumph in Atlanta was important. It
affected Lincoln’s ____________.
• N. were tired of war and the Democrats
nominated ______________________ to run
against Lincoln. He had a good chance of
winning.
• Atlanta changed that. Now the N. could sense
____________. Lincoln took _____ of the
popular vote and won.
• 2nd inaugural speech: “With _________ toward
none, with ____________ for all…let us strive
on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the
nation’s wounds; …to do all which we may to
achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting
peace.”
• In Dec. Sherman took _______________.
“Grant’s Virginia Campaign”
• Sherman moved N. through the ___________,
seeking to meet up with Grant’s troops in VA
• In battle after battle, Grant would attack, rest
then attack again, while moving toward ______
___________.
• At the Battle of the Wilderness, Grant lost ____
men, but pushed on. Grant to Lincoln:
“Whatever happens, we will not ___________.”
• In the battles Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor, Grant lost
_________ men, most in the 1st few minutes of battle.
• June 1864: Petersburg, just S. of __________. Grant
faced Lee’s forces for 10 months.
• Lee couldn’t hold out. Grant was drawing a
_________around Richmond. Lee pulled out, leaving
____________ undefended.
“Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse”
• April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at
____________________. (Read “A Voice from the
Past,” p. 519). Grant offered ___________ terms of
surrender. Confederates could keep __________ and
____________________ and he also gave food to the
hungry.
• The war’s effect would continue to be felt for
many years.
Section 4: “The Legacy of the War”
• Read “One American’s Story” p. 520.
• Meig’s decision symbolic: Union soldiers who
died fighting Lee’s army would be buried in
Lee’s _________________.
• The costs of the war were great. 620,000
soldiers died; ____________ for the Union and
_________ for the Confederacy.
• Altogether __________ fought in the war,
around _____ of the population.
• Economic costs: together N. and S. spent more than
__________ the amount spent by the gov’t in the
previous 8 decades. Many years after the war, the fed
gov’t was still pay __________ on loans taking out
during the war.
“The Thirteenth Amendment
• Greatest accomplishment of the war: freeing
____________ slaves. One slave who was freed:
___________________ later became a
later became a famous educator and reformer.
• Read “A Voice from the Past” p. 521.
• Many were still enslaved in the ____________.
During the war, Lincoln tried to pass an amendment to
end slavery, but it was defeated in ____________.
• Jan, 1865, 13th Amendment passed in
Congress. By the year’s end 27 states,
including 8 S. states, _____________ the
amendment. From that point on, slavery was
___________ in the U.S.
“Consequences of the War”
• In N., people began to see the U.S. as one
nation, not a collection of ________.
• The war caused the _________________ to
expand. The demands of war caused the fed.
gov’t to become more powerful: new currency,
income tax, and a new federal _____________.
• The war changed the N. ___________. New
industries: steel, petroleum, food processing
and manufacturing. By the late 1800s, ______
_____ began to replace farming as the basis of
the national economy.
• For the S., the war brought economic _______.
About ____ of S. livestock was killed. Factories
and railroads were destroyed. Also gone was
the S.’s ________________.
• Before the war, the S. accounted for ____ of the
nation’s wealth. After ____. Economic
differences between the N. and S. would last for
decades.