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Behind the Civil War
Behind the Civil War
1861: Confederate Soldiers immediately
begun taking over Federal
Installations (Courthouses, post
offices, and Esp. FORTS)
1861: Confederate Soldiers immediately
begun taking over Federal
Installations (Courthouses, post
offices, and Esp. FORTS)
- Ab. Lincoln’s inauguration March 4,
1861 only 2 forts are left in UNION
HANDS: Fort Sumter, SC
- Ab. Lincoln’s inauguration March 4,
1861 only 2 forts are left in UNION
HANDS: Fort Sumter, SC
-
-
Commander: Major Anderson
Commander: Major Anderson
- With only 6 weeks of food/
supplies left
- With only 6 weeks of food/
supplies left
- Confed demands he surrenders the
fort
- Confed demands he surrenders the
fort
- Lincoln’s Dilemma: 1. Attack= Force
Union slave states to succeed, cause
war
- Lincoln’s Dilemma: 1. Attack= Force
Union slave states to succeed, cause
war
2. Did noting: acknowledging the
Confed as a new nation
2. Did noting: acknowledging the
Confed as a new nation
War Begins
-Election of 1860
-Secession of lower states
-Confederate States of
America
- Send in “food for hungry
men”
-Firing on Ft. Sumter- April 12,
1861 4:30 am
-Virginia Secedes followed by
Ark., NC, and Tenn.
-11 States Leave Union
War Begins
-Lincoln calls for 75,000
volunteers
3months
Response= OVER WHELMING!
Modern War
-Uses both old and new methods
of war
-Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles,
Battlefield Formations
-Railroads, telegraph, drafts,
submarines, armored ships,
observation balloons
Armored Ships: Iron Clad Ships
to RAM!!!!!!
Strategy-Union
-Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan
developed by Winfield Scott
-divide the south through the
Mississippi and control access
to its ports
3 part plan to Suffocate the South
1. Blockade S ports
2. Go down the Miss. River & split
Confed into 2
3. Capture the Capital @ Richmond
Va
Strategy-Confederacy
-defensive battle
*Goal is Confed Survival.
* Maybe attack the N if
opportunity arose
-European recognition
? ? ? – maybe
Advantages-Union
-most of the population
-large advantages in resources
-most of the transportation and
industry
*25: 1 Naval Ships tonnage
* 15: 1 Iron Production
* 32: 1 Fire arms production
Advantages-Confederacy
-defending their homes
-strong sectional pride
-better military tradition and
leadership
Government Powers
-both sides had to increase
central government powers
-raise an army
-supply armies
-finance the war
-suppress any opposition
HOW?: Suspension of Civil Liberties
(Thrown in jail w/o a reason) called
Suspension of Habeas Corpus
-Copperheads
- N. Democrats
advocated peace with the South
Some urged Union Soldiers to dessert
Raising Armies
-Northern Advantage
-volunteers at first
-drafts begin
-riots
1. Unfair to fight a war to
free slaves
2. White workers feared S blacks
would come to the N & compete with
Jobs
-bounties paid
-substitution possible
-many volunteers
$300
Supplying Armies
-Union Advantages
-Industrial Capacity
-Transportation Capabilities
-Financial Centers
Confederate Problems
-Foraging the land
-Shortages
- 90% of males served from the S
- “rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”
War Politics
-War to Preserve Union
-civil rights were restricted
-habeas corpus suspended
-Emancipation Debated
Needed higher cause:
no longer
just a moral issue, it was a weapon of
war WHY? 1. discourage GB from
supporting the Confed
2. AA could fight for the UNION
War Politics
-War to Preserve Union
-Emancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1, 1863
Did NOT free slaves immediately
- it only applied to areas behind
Confed Lines, outside of Union
control
NOT to the slaves states that had
NOT succeeded
Others in the War
-African Americans
only 1% of population, but 10% of the
Union Army @ end
Segregated Forces
(All black unites, white commanders)
54th Massachusetts
(Attacked Ft. Wagner, SC. 40% died)
-Women
took over the jobs of men
Nursing
Dorthea Dix @ age 60 1st
superintendent
Clara Barton
Angel of the Battle Field
Union Nurse: often beat soldiers to
the Front line, Am Red Cross
Soldier’s Lives
-disillusionment of war:
left
thinking it was be a glorious affair, 3
months *Home by Christmas Boys!*
-filthy conditions
No garbage disposals, no BR, NO
Baths
Body lice, dysentery, diarrhea
-poor food
-bad medical care
-prison camps
Andersonville
Confed:
http://ncmuseumofhistory.org/exhibits/civilw
ar/index.html
Prison camps Introduction
The Civil War was the bloodiest conflict fought on American soil. One reason for this may have been the balance of both armies.
The balance of the two sides and the the time era of conflict between the era of Napolean and World War I caused a great amou
During the years of the conflict neither side can morally wipe their hands completely clean of the hardships dealt upon their priso
ANDERSONVILLE
Andersonville- a name which has been stamped so deeply by cruelty into the pages of American history- is one of those miserable little hamlets, of a score of scattered and
The south build Andersonville Prison in response to the growing number of prisoners that they had been unprepared to dea
The first detachment left Richmond February 18, and arrived at the new prison February 27, and, of course, the prisoners arrived at Andersonville before the preparations f
Andersonville was located in lower Georgia. Although Upper Georgia was very rich, lower Georgia was “starved, sterile land, i mpressing one as a desert in the first stages of reclamation into productive soil, or as productive soil in the last steps
In charge of Fort Sumter (Andersonville) was General John H. Winder with Captain Henri Wirz being the Commander of th
Low food rations were very common for the prisoners that called Andersonville their temporary home. McElroy reports of the
There was also a stream, which went through Andersonville, which soon became very polluted from the lack of an adequate
The death at Andersonville was also caused by the poor condition of the hospital. Those who had arrived at Andersonville s
The brutality enforced by the guards at Andersonville can be seen vividly be the dead line. The dead line was a line in which
Besides food, a proper water supply, sufficient hospitals, shelter, and mercy, the Confederate prison camp called Andersonv
There is no justification for a place like Andersonville. Many make the argument that the South did not have the money or re
The final statistics show the agony of Andersonville better than anything else does