Download Georgia and the American Experience

Georgia
and the American Experience
Chapter 8:
The Civil War, A
Nation in Conflict
Study Presentation
Section 1: The Road to War
• What words do I need to know?
– conscription
– blockade
– blockade runner
– King Cotton Diplomacy
– Strategy
The Road to War
• Union
- President
• Confederacy
– President
The War Begins
• Fort Sumter (Georgia’s Fort _________________ had
already been taken)
•
•
•
•
Date:
Union Leader:
Confederate Leader:
Outcome:
Assembling Armies
• First:
• Second:
• Third:
• Opposition:
Resources, North and
South
• North –
• North –
• North –
• North –
Resources, North and
South
• South –
• South –
• South –
• South -
Wartime Strategies
• Union blockade
• “Anaconda Plan”:
Wartime Strategies
• Capturing Richmond
• The Union Navy included many
ironclads (armored ships) -
Late War Strategy
• Destroy Confederate armies on the
battlefield
• Lay waste to the Southern land, so that
civilians would call for an end to the war
• “March to the Sea” -
Southern Strategies
• Wear down the Union armies, which would
hasten the northerners’ desire to end the war
• swift raiders –
• Blockade runners -
Southern Strategies
• King Cotton Diplomacy -
Section 2: The War on the Battlefield
Freeing the Slaves
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued by: Abraham Lincoln
• Document stated –
• Deadline was January 1, 1863
• Outcome:
The Fall of Fort Pulaski
• First battle, April 10, 1862, was at all-brick
Fort Pulaski, near Tybee Island
• Union Leader:
• Confederate Leader:
• Description:
The Battle of Chickamauga
• September 1863
• Seven miles south of Chattanooga,
Tennessee – a major railroad center
• Union Leader:
• Confederate Leader:
• Description:
The Battle of Chickamauga
• Union reinforcements – Leader:
• Confederate Leader:
• Description:
• Result:
The Atlanta Campaign
• Late Spring/Early Summer 1864: Sherman’s
Union Army fought series of battles against
______________________’s Confederate Army
• Confederates continued to retreat further
southward into Georgia
• June 1864: Sherman attacked Johnston at
Kennesaw Mountain; Sherman lost but
continued toward Atlanta
• July 1864: ______________________ replaced
Johnston, battled Sherman, then concentrated
defenses in Atlanta
The Battle of Atlanta
• Sherman surrounded the city and laid siege
• Hood wanted to lure Sherman into the city to
fight, but that didn’t work
• Fighting continued during July and August
1864
• Hood and Atlanta’s citizens finally vacate the
city on September 1
• Sherman burns the city of ______________in
mid-November then begins his march toward
Savannah and the sea
The March to the Sea
• __________________ Union army destroys
everything in its path, 300 miles from Atlanta
to Savannah
• A sixty mile-wide area is burned, destroyed,
and ruined during a two-month period
• Captured, but did not burn, Savannah in
December 1864 because -
The Civil War Ends
• General _________________ Army of
Virginia cannot defeat Union General
____________________ at Petersburg; he
surrenders his army at
_______________________ on April 9, 1865
• Confederate President ______________flees
and is eventually captured in Irwinville,
Georgia
Civil War Prisons
• Both North and South had prisons for captured soldiers;
thousands of men on both sides died in these prisons
• Andersonville Prison, in southwest Georgia,
conditions:
• ______________________, Andersonville
Prison commander, was later hanged for
“excessive cruelty”
• Andersonville is now home to the National
Prisoner of War Museum
The Civil War Soldier
Black Soldiers
Latino Service
Women in the Civil War
Women of Note
• __________________ of Savannah helped
administer a division in a major Richmond
hospital
• __________________________ ran a
Southern military hospital
• __________________, a Union nurse
supervisor, later founded the American Red
Cross
• ______________________ of South Carolina
left a prized written record of the wartime life
Children During the War