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Standard: 21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War 27.Explain the major significance of the following historical documents: • Gettysburg Address • Emancipation Proclamation Pivotal Battles of the Civil War First Manassas (Battle of Bull Run) Bull Run • http://www.history.com/videos/firstbattle-of-bull-run First and second Battles of Hampton Roads The Ironclads • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ABz aEHQ4Hg Second Battle of Manassas Second Manassas (Bull Run) • • • • 1st day ended in a stalemate 2nd day heavy casualties on both sides 3rd day Confederates crushed the Union Lee decided to take the war to the North Shiloh Shiloh • http://www.history.com/videos/thebattle-of-shiloh#the-battle-of-shiloh Battle of Antietam Antietam • http://www.history.com/videos/thebattle-of-antietam#the-battle-ofantietam Antietam • Was the bloodiest single battle of the war – It stopped Lee from advancing northward giving the north a slight advantage • http://www.history.com/topics/americancivil-war/videos#civil-war-turning-point Emancipation Proclamation • On September 22, soon after the Union “victory” at Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the rebellious states "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free." What Was It? • A military order that freed slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy – Those states in rebellion against the union • More symbolic than real • The federal government could not enforce it in the areas where it applied • It did not stop slavery in border states Reaction to the Proclamation • African Americans and Abolitionists, rejoiced • The Proclamation encouraged enslaved Africans to escape to Union camps for protection • It crippled the south’s ability to wage war Chancellorsville Chancellorsville • http://www.history.com/videos/battle-atchancellorsville#battle-atchancellorsville Gettysburg Gettysburg • http://www.history.com/topics/american -civil-war/videos#gettysburg-battlestrategy Battle of Gettysburg Webquest • http://teacherweb.com/WQ/MiddleScho ol/Gettysburg/index.html Gettysburg • Day 1 – Key battle, finally turned the tide against the Confederates • Day 2 – Lee tried to take Cemetery Hill (a high point) – The Union held strong • Day 3 – Pickett’s Charge – An unsuccessful attempt at taking Cemetery Ridge, the center of the Union line – Lee retreated, Meade did not follow • And missed an opportunity to crush the Confederacy and end the war Pickett’s Charge • http://www.history.com/topics/american -civil-war/videos#last-charge-atgettysburg Aftermath of Gettysburg • Turning point in the war • Lee never launched another attack in the North • Now the North believed they could win the war • Britain and France refused to provide aid to the Confederacy Gettysburg Address • Lincoln’s speech at the dedication of the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery – He praised the bravery of the Union soldiers • He renewed his commitment to winning the war and preserving the Union • In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln referenced the Declaration of Independence – He said the war was being fought for the ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy Gettysburg Address • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2aS3rjDBw Vicksburg Vicksburg • http://www.history.com/videos/theunion-siege-of-vicksburg#the-unionsiege-of-vicksburg The Wilderness and Spotsylvania Wilderness and Spotsylvania • Grant was seen as winning the war, but unable to take Richmond • Grant’s failed campaign to take the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia discouraged Lincoln who was coming up for re-election. Battle of Atlanta Atlanta http://www.history.com/videos/shermanand-the-burning-of-atlanta#pivotalmoments-of-the-civil-war-capture-ofatlanta Defeat of Atlanta • Cost the South an important railroad link • Showed the North progress was being made in defeating the South – Helped to get Lincoln re-elected Sherman’s March to the Sea • William Tecumseh Sherman – His plan was to destroy southern railroads and industries – A practice called “total war” • Destroy civilian and economic resources • Ruin the South’s economy and its ability to fight – As he marched across Georgia Sherman destroyed railways, bridges, crops, livestock, burned plantations, and freed slaves. Sherman • http://www.history.com/videos/sherman -and-the-burning-of-atlanta#shermanslast-obstacle-battle-of-fort-mcallister • http://www.history.com/videos/sherman -and-the-burning-of-atlanta#theconfederacys-last-stand • http://www.history.com/topics/william-tsherman/videos#shermans-terrifyingtactics Appomattox The Surrender • http://www.history.com/videos/surrende r-at-appomattox-courthouse#surrenderat-appomattox-courthouse South Surrenders • April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse • Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the Civil War As General Lee returned to his troops, General grant stopped Union forces from cheering their victory. “The war is over,” Grant said with relief. “The rebels are our countrymen again.”