Download The Thirteenth Amendment

THE THIRTEENTH
AMENDMENT
Lincoln’s Assassination, The
Appomattox, and the End of the
War
Marc Fohran,
Bailey Litwin,
Jennifer
Wang, &
Jackie
Williams
THE AMENDMENTS
The Thirteenth
The Fourteenth
The Fifteenth
THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT
THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT
 The Thirteenth Amendment was passed by
Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the
states on December 18, 1865
 The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery
officially.
 While the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation freed
the slaves in Confederate states, further action was
needed to permanently guarantee the elimination of
slavery throughout the United States and its
territories.
THE FLAW OF THE THIRTEENTH
AMENDMENT
After slavery ended, southern states tried to
control the African Americans through Black
Codes, a series of laws which enforced
segregation, limited black job opportunities,
and kept African Americans from voting.
These concerns were addressed with the
Fourteenth Amendment.
THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
 The Fourteenth Amendment was adopted on July 9, 1868. It is
split into many clauses.
 Its Citizenship Clause provides a broad definition of
citizenship. It overrules past beliefs that people of African
descent could not be citizens of the United States.
 The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local governments
from taking away life, liberty, or property without having it
justified. This clause has been used to make the Bill of Rights
have more power in the states.
 The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide
equal protection under the law to all people within its power,
regardless of race.
 The amendment also includes a number of clauses dealing
with the Confederacy and its of ficials.
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
 The Fourteenth Amendment was also passed in
response to the Black Codes that southern states
had passed after the Thirteenth Amendment.
 Black Codes attempted to return former slaves to
something like their former condition by forcing
them to enter into year-long labor contracts,
prohibiting them from owning firearms, and
preventing them from suing or testifying in court,
among other things.
THE FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT
The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the
federal and state governments from not
allowing a citizen the right to vote based on
that citizen’s race or previous condition of
servitude.
It was ratified on February 3, 1870 as the
third and final of the Reconstruction
Amendments.
APPOMATTOX
THE BATTLE
 The Army of Nor thern Virginia, directed by Rober t E. Lee, was greatly
weakened af ter battle. The tired, hungr y sur vivor s marched west toward
Amelia Cour t House in hopes of finding food.
 When Lee and his men arrived they found only ammunition. They
continued to march west on empty stomachs. Lee hoped to reach
Danville or Lynchburg and eventually link up with Joseph Johnston and
his army.
 Grant was determined to stop Lee. General Sheridan, a major general
of the Union, directed his cavalr y to cut Lee of f. On April 6, the Union
forces caught up with Lee’s army. In a hard-fought but hopeless battle,
the Union army captured 6,000 men, and again weakened the Army of
Nor thern Virginia .
 Lee and the remnants of his army moved toward Appomattox Cour t
House, where two trainloads of food awaited the star ving Southerners.
On April 7, Sheridan's hor semen set out to capture Appomattox.
 That night, Grant sent a message to Lee. In the message he asked Lee
to surrender.
THE BATTLE
 Grant was determined to stop Lee. General Sheridan, a major
general of the Union, directed his cavalry to cut Lee of f. On
April 6, the Union forces caught up with Lee’s army. In a hard fought but hopeless battle, the Union army captured 6,000
men, and again weakened the Army of Northern Virginia.
 Lee and the remnants of his army moved toward Appomattox
Court House in Virginia, where two trainloads of food awaited
the starving Southerners. On April 7, Sheridan's horsemen set
out to capture Appomattox.
 That night, Grant sent a message to Lee. In the message he
asked Lee to surrender.
THE SURRENDER
 On April 8, Lee replied that he was willing to talk with Grant,
but not to surrender his army, which continued to move
toward Appomattox
 In the early morning of April 9 Lee's men made a final
attempt to break away from the Union. The attack failed,
finally convincing Lee that the end had come. He sent an
of ficer to Grant asking for "a suspension of hostilities pending
the adjustment of the terms of surrender of this army .”
 Grant was very generous. Lee's men were allowed to return
to their homes. Of ficers could keep their weapons, and
soldiers who privately owned horses could keep them for use
in their livelihoods. Lee agreed to all of the conditions, and
the two commanders signed the surrender document in the
house of McLean
THE LAST BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR
 The Battle of Palmito Ranch, fought on May 12 -13, 1865, was
the last major battle of the Civil War.
 It was technically a Confederate victory.
 The last surrender of the Civil War was by General Edmund
Kirby Smith, who surrendered on June 2 nd .
LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION
FORD’S THEATER
 President Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth in Ford’s
Theater in Washington, D. C. on April 14 th , 1865.
 Lincoln was paralyzed and barely breathing. He was carried to
a boarding house across the street, and died on April 15 th . He
never regained consciousness.
 John Wilkes Booth was captured and shot in a barn in Bowling
Green, Virginia on April 26 th .
BOOTH AND HIS CONSPIRATORS
 Booth had not fought in the war, and so felt a little like a
coward. He decided that Lincoln was a tyrant, and so tried to
get rid of him.
 A conspirator of Booth’s, Lewis Paine, attacked Secretary of
State William Henry Seward. Seward was stabbed in the throat
but survived because of a metal surgical collar he was
wearing at the time.
 Paine and three other conspirators, George Atzerodt, David
Herold, and Mary Surratt were hanged on July 7 th , 1865.
THE AFTERMATH
 Everybody mourned the President’s death.
 The newly freed slaves saw him as their savior and guardian,
and did not know how they would be treated with him gone.
 Southern people were not happy with the President’s death.
They knew that the President would be kind to them, unlike
many other politicians.
RECONSTRUCTION AND THE FUTURE OF
AMERICA
RECONSTRUCTION AND THE FUTURE OF
AMERICA
 The Reconstruction Period was between the end of the Civil
War in 1865 and the removal of the last federal troops from
the South in 1877.
 Reconstruction was the name Lincoln used for the process of
bringing North and South together into a united nation.
 This period was marked by horrific racial violence, widespread
Southern poverty, and general political unrest, unlike what
Lincoln had planned.
 However, it was not all bad.
THE BAD PART
 The South was devastated after the war. The war had drained
them of resources, and the Union army had destroyed
buildings, fields, and railroads.
 The four million freed slaves looking for work, shelter, and
resources did not help.
 The post-war governments in the South were not recognized
by the northern Republicans in Congress. This led to the
Reconstruction Acts of 1867, in which it states that in order
to be readmitted to the Union, the ex -Confederate states had
to accept the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments,
disenfranchise ex-Confederate soldiers, and establish a new
state constitution. By 1880, all the states had been
readmitted into the Union.
THE BAD PART
 Disenfranchised ex-Confederates did not like their
Reconstruction governments (which were comprised of pro Unionist Southerners and black people)
 In order to intimidate black people, they made groups like the
Ku Klux Klan, where they used intimidation tactics to keep
black voters away from the polls.
 By 1876, the combination of racial intimidation and dwindling
interest in the southern states meant that the South was
nearly all Democratic again.
 The white Democrats made a deal with President Rutherford
B. Hayes to remove the last federal troops from the South.
THE GOOD PART
 Because ex-Confederates were disenfranchised, black people
had more political power than they ever had before and would
not experience for another hundred years.
 Congress created the Freedman’s Bureau to aid and protect
newly emancipated blacks.
 Establishment of free public schools
 Abolishment of debt imprisonment
 Drafting of state constitutions that had the concept of equal
rights
THE END





Created by:
Marc Fohran
Bailey Litwin
Jennifer Wang
Jackie Williams
 Now make sure you study.