Download Chapters 10-11 - Effingham County Schools

The Union in Peril
Chapter 10
Causes, key events, and
consequences leading to the
CIVIL WAR
The Union in Peril
• Is it possible to compromise on an
ethical issue such as slavery?
• …the prospect ahead is dark, cloudy, thick
and gloomy. Alexander H. Stephens
• …the greatest question that can ever come
under your consideration: How can the
Union be preserved? John C. Calhoun
• Peaceable secession!…there can be no
such thing as a peaceable secession!
Daniel Webster
“The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of selfgovernment, or self-protection, and the federal government will
become their enemy. . . .”—South Carolina legislature, 1860
“The Union is older than any of these states, and, in fact, it
created them as states.”—Abraham Lincoln, 1861
These quotes represent two sides in which important conflict in American
history?
A the conflict over how much independence states should have in the
federal system
B the conflict over what level of representation small states should have
in the federal legislature
C the conflict over an amendment to the Constitution that would allow
slavery in the territories
D the conflict over whether or not to forcibly remove Native Americans from
their lands in the West
Causes of the Civil War
• 1. Conflict over slavery in territories
• 2. Failure of Compromise in Congress—
States Rights
• 3. Election of Lincoln as President
• 4. Secession of Southern states
• 5. Firing on Fort Sumter, South Carolina
Remember the S’s & L!!!
Slavery in the Territories:
The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding
Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the
balance of power in Congress between slave and free states.
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Balance of Free Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
and Slave States Ohio (1803)
Louisiana (1812)
(1819)
Vermont (1791)
Tennessee (1796)
Original 13 States
Rhode Island
New York
New Hampshire
Kentucky (1792)
Virginia
North Carolina
Massachusetts
Connecticut
South Carolina
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Free States
Georgia
Delaware
Slave States
Balance of Free and Slave
States (1821)
Missouri
Compromise
Missouri was
admitted to the
union as a
slave state, and
Maine was
admitted as a
free state.
Original 13 States
Maine (1820)
Illinois (1818)
Indiana (1816)
Ohio (1803)
Missouri (1821)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
New York
New Hampshire
Tennessee (1796)
Kentucky (1792)
Virginia
North Carolina
Massachusetts
Connecticut
South Carolina
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Free States
Georgia
Delaware
Slave States
• An imaginary line was drawn across the southern
border of Missouri at the latitude 36 30'N.
36 , 30’
• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri.
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase
south of the 36 , 30'N.
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or
section rather than to the whole
country.
Ch.
10.1
Slavery in the Territories
Wilmot Proviso – banned slavery
in all territories
 Northern Congressmen voted for it
1.
Feared Southern control of Congress
 Southern Congress voted against it
1.
2.
Undermine constitutional protection of property
Feared loss of power in Congress would lead to
laws ending slavery
Compromise of 1850:
• California applies for statehood and outlaws
slavery
– South said this violated Missouri Compromise – threatened
to secede
• Compromise:
– California admitted as free state
– Utah and New Mexico decide slavery issue by voting
• Popular Sovereignty-right of residents of a territory to
vote for or against slavery.
– Sale of slaves banned in Washington, DC, but
slavery itself may continue
– Fugitive Slave Act passed-North must return
runaway slaves or be fined plus jail time
Compromise of 1850
Ch.
10.2
Harriet Beecher Stowe &
Dred Scott
• 2 important mile markers on the Road to the
Civil War…
• After listening to the clip, be able to explain
how they increased tensions between the
North and the South.
• Write down your ideas in your notes.
American History:The Civil War--North vs. South
Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Uncle Tom’s Cabinanti-slavery book by
Harriet Beecher
Stowe
• Depicted the
institution of slavery
• Caused many people
to be sympathetic to
the abolitionist cause
 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year
 2 million in a decade!
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
(1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the
Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
The Underground Railroad
• =A series of secret passages leading
from the South to Northern cities and
Canada to help slaves escape from
slavery
• Harriet Tubman- famous conductor in
the underground RR.
Tour the Underground Railroad
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/underground%5Frailroad/
Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)
• Look at the map on p. 314
• Did away with the Missouri
Compromise
• Let Kansas and Nebraska decide on
the issue of slavery (popular
sovereignty-people decide issue)
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Violence Erupts in “Bleeding
Kansas”
• Read pp. 315-316 create a focus circle of
information on the causes of conflict in
Kansas…
• BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH
CLASS
Bleeding
Kansas
Focus Circle
.
•Settlers poured
into the area
bringing
weapons,
animals, seeds,
and farm supplies
to Anti-slavery
groups
•Border ruffians from
slave states – came just
to vote for slavery
Bleeding Kansas
Pro-slavery won a
majority – set a proslavery gov’t in
Lecompton to pass
laws favoring
slavery.
Pottawatomie Massacre- John Brown
– radical abolitionist – led revenge
attack on 5 pro-slavers – set off
more attacks – 200 people killed –
people lived in fear
Violence in the Senate
“Bleeding Kansas”
• Both slavery supporters and abolitionists
rush into Kansas and set up rival gov’ts
• Armed clashes b/t the 2 sides common
• John Brown, the famous abolitionist,
believed God called on him to end slavery
• “Pottawatomie Massacre”-John Brown and
his people drug pro-slavery people from their
beds, hacked off their hands, and stabbed
them with broadswords
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
John Brown: Madman or Martyr?
•In 1856, an
abolitionist
named John
Brown
murdered five
proslavery men
in Kansas
SEOCT ?
•
•
•
•
Which of the following was a belief held by
John Brown (1800–1859)?
A Individual states should decide whether to
permit slavery.
B Abolitionists should work for gradual change.
C The South should work to diversify its
economic base.
D Slavery should be abolished by violent means,
if necessary.
Violence in the Senate
Pg. 316-317
• Describe the Northern and Southern
reactions to the incident between Charles
Sumner and Preston Brooks.
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner
(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks
(D-SC)
The cartoon shows Preston Brooks attacking Charles Sumner in the U.S. Senate chamber
Violence in the Senate
Ch.
10.3
Slavery issue and Politics
• Whig Party-North opposed slavery –
South left party.
• Know-Nothing Party - (American Party) –
believed in nativism
– feared rising number of immigrants
• Free Soil Party – opposed the extension
of slavery –appealed to Northern voters….
The Birth of the Republican
Party…
1854 – former Northern Whigs and antislavery Democrats and Free Soilers
formed new party
• opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act
• drew support from wide range of peoplewanted to stop expansion of slavery in
territories
Ch.
10.4
Slavery and Secession
• P. 324 Personal Voice
• “A house divided against itself cannot
stand. I believe this government
cannot endure permanently half slave
and half free. I do not expect the
Union to be dissolved – I do not expect
the house to fall-but I do expect it will
cease to be divided. It will become all
one thing or all the other.”
Abraham Lincoln
Dred Scott V. Sandford: Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
• Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. (MO)
Dred Scott
Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
• Scott and his owner moved to Wisconsin for four years.
Dred Scott
Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
• Scott’s owner died after returning to Missouri.
Dred Scott
Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
* Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he should
be a free man since he lived in a free territory (WI) for
four years.
Dred Scott
Results of Dred Scott Case:
• Scott was not a citizen
• Living in a free territory didn’t make a slave
free
• Congress had no right to outlaw slavery
because slaves were property protected
under 5th Amendment….Missouri
Compromise was unconstitutional
• South saw it as clearing the way for the
extension of slavery in all territories.
• Northerners now turned to the Republican
Party as a way to keep slavery in check.
RESULTS:
• Dred Scott was not given his freedom.
• The Missouri Compromise was found to be unconstitutional.
Open to
slavery
through
popular
sovereignty
(Compromise
of 1850)
Missouri Compromise line is declared
unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)
Open to
slavery
through
popular
sovereignty
(KS-NE
Act)
A House divided against itself, cannot stand
Rise of Abraham Lincoln
Compare/Contrast pp.325-326
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
Lincoln…..
•Self educated
•Served one term of Congress
•Republican
•Spoke in plain language
•Believed slavery was immoral
•Believed that slavery had to be ended by Congress
•Did not believe that Popular Sovereignty would
work
•Did not believe in punishing the South during
Reconstruction
•Was an excellent politician and leader
Douglas
•
•
•
•
•
Two terms in Senate
Democrat
Well educated
Believed in popular sovereignty
Believed that slavery would die out
eventually
• Freeport Doctrine – if slavery is legal in
the territory – then elect people who will
not enforce slavery laws.
John Brown’s Raid on
Harpers Ferry….1859
• John Brown led raid on arsenal
• U.S. troops attacked Brown’s group
• Brown arrested – tried for treason and
hanged…
• Read the account of the raid on p. 327328
• -Why did Harpers Ferry increase
tensions between the North and the
South?
John Brown’s Raid
on Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown: Madman or Martyr?
Lincoln and the Election of 1860
•
Republican Abraham Lincoln runs for
president
– South feels threatened b/c Lincoln feels
slavery is morally evil
• N. Democrats – Stephen Douglas
• S. Democrats – John C. Breckingridge
• Constitutional Party – John Bell
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
1860
Presidential
Election
John Bell
Constitutional Union
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Map of 1860 Election
-Lincoln
-Breck.
-Bell
-Douglas
Electoral Vote
180
72
39
12
Popular Vote
1, 865, 593
848, 356
592, 906
1, 382, 713
1860
Election
Results
Results of 1860
Election….Southern Secession
• Lincoln’s victory convinces South that
they have lost their political power.
• S.Carolina secedes (withdraws) from the
Union followed by several other states
• 1861 – formed the Confederate States
of America (Confederacy)
– Elected Jefferson Davis – President
• Question: Would the North allow the
South to leave without a fight?
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
March 1861
• At Lincoln's
inauguration on
March 4, the new
president said he
had no plans to end
slavery in those
states where it
already existed, but
he also said he
would not accept
secession. He
hoped to resolve
the national crisis
without conflict.