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Rebuilding Alabama
Presentation by Tara Green, 4th grade
teacher
Chapter 6
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1
Think about a time when you and another person got into an argument.
How did you resolve it? Did you ever regain your friendship?
TURN and TALK
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1
Think about a time when you and another person got into an argument.
How did you resolve it? Did you ever regain your friendship?
Much like an argument you may have gotten in, the northern and
southern states disagreed, physically fought, then eventually reunited.
Even though the actual “fight” was over…many consequences
followed. Though we may make up with our friends, there are always
apologies that need to be made and trust must be earned back. This
was the also the situation with Alabama becoming a part of the U.S.
after the Civil War.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1
The end of the Civil War brought many changes to Alabama, but the
most dramatic was the end of slavery.
Before the war, almost half of the people in Alabama were in slavery.
But after the war, everyone was free.
White Alabamians who had supported the Union were excited about a
new and different state.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Picking Up the Pieces
No one knows for sure how many
Alabamians died in the war, but 20,000
of the 90,000 that served never returned
home. Another 20,000 came back
wounded.
Alabama’s economy was in terrible
condition; confederate money was
worthless, large cities had been
destroyed, many goods had not been
available before the war, crops had not
been planted, animals were lost, stolen,
or eaten, and there were no slaves to
work large farms and plantations.
There also wasn’t much government.
Local officials, judges, and sheriffs
weren’t sure how much authority they
had.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Picking Up the Pieces
President Lincoln announced his plan for
Reconstruction (remaking the governments of
the Confederate states so that they could be
readmitted to the Union.
Lincoln’s plan: nullify the Ordinance of
Secession (cancel the succession), ratify the
13th Amendment (to follow the law that ended
slavery), swear an oath of loyalty to the
United States though they could not vote, and
promise to pay back any debts from the war.
April 14, 1865- John Wilkes Booth, who
supported the southern cause, assassinated
President Lincoln. He was shot while
attending a play at Ford’s Theater in
Washington D.C.
After Lincoln’s death, no one was sure if his
plan for Reconstruction would ever go into
effect, but Vice President Andrew Johnson
announced that Lincoln’s plan would still be
followed.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Black Alabamians and Reconstruction
During the Reconstruction, slaves began to
find out what freedom meant, but needed
help. Congress created Freedmen’s Bureau,
which distributed food and clothing to former
slaves as well as poor whites. It also opened
school and found former slaves jobs.
Some northerners came to the south to make
money. They came with their belongings in a
suitcase made of carpet, so they were called
carpetbaggers.
Many carpetbaggers came to invest money in
the state and became good citizens, but
others were dishonest.
Freedmen became allies with the white
Alabamians that had opposed the war. They
hoped that blacks would help them keep the
wealthy planters form controlling the state
government. These white Alabamians were
known as scalawags.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Politics After the War
President Johnson appointed Lewis Parsons
as governor. He took office in June 1865 and
met to draw up a constitution that would allow
Alabama to be readmitted into the Union.
6 months later, Robert Patton was sworn into
office as governor. Most Alabamians thought
the state was reconstructed, but a group
called the Radical Republicans believed that
the southern states were still under the
control of the Confederates that were not
doing much to protect the freedmen.
To fix the problem, March 1867 the Radical
Republicans passed the 1st Reconstruction
Act that removed elected officials from office
and placed the state under military rule.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Politics After the War
The act stated that black and white men who
had not been leaders in the Confederate
military would create a new constitution for
the state. It had to be approved by US
Congress.
Finally, the voters had to obey the 14th
Amendment. This amendment made former
slaves citizens if the United States.
October 1867-citizens (even freed men) voted
on having a constitutional convention. The
vote favored a convention and 18 blacks were
a part of the 100 delegates elected.
This convention wrote the constitution of
1868. In this constitution, many northern
ideas were express, women gained some
rights, and it required that one fifth of all the
state’s revenue($) support public education.
ALABAMA RETURNED TO THE UNION!!!
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Freedom and Politics
Congressmen could now be elected and sent to Washington
D.C. to serve in the U.S. Congress. Some blacks were even
voted into these positions.
James Thomas Rapier:
-born November 13, 1837
-son of a free black barber
-educated in Canada; lawyer
-came back to Al. to write for a
northern newspaper
-became a successful cotton planter
and got involved in politics
-served in the 1st Republican convention
-representative to the U.S. Congress
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Freedom and Politics
Congressmen could now be elected and sent to Washington
D.C. to serve in the U.S. Congress. Some blacks were even
voted into these positions.
Jeremiah Haralson:
-born April 1, 1846
-born into slavery
-educated himself ; minister
-moved to Al. and elected to state house
of representatives and state senate and
later worked for the federal government
-he must have felt the tug of adventure
because he moved all around the
southern states, then to Oklahoma, and
then to Colorado where he was killed by
wild beasts.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Freedom and Politics
Congressmen could now be elected and sent to Washington
D.C. to serve in the U.S. Congress. Some blacks were even
voted into these positions.
Benjamin Turner:
-born 1825
-born into slavery in North Carolina
-he managed a hotel in Selma for his
owner
-by the end of the Civil War, he had over
$10,000 in savings
-1870 he became the 1st black man
from Alabama to be elected to Congress
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Review Questions
1. About how many Alabamians
2.
3.
4.
5.
died during the Civil War?
Who were the freedmen?
Name 2 requirements that
Alabama had to meet to
reenter the Union.
Why is the 13th Amendment
important?
How did carpetbaggers get
their name?
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1- Review Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
About 20,000 Alabamians died during the Civil
War.
The freedmen were former slaves that now had
their freedom.
Some requirements that Alabama had to meet to
reenter the Union were ratify the 13th
Amendment, swear an oath of loyalty, and pay
back debts
The 13th Amendment is important because it
outlawed slavery in the United States.
Carpetbaggers got their name because they
came from the north to the south carrying all their
belongings in a suitcase made of carpet.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 1 Activity
In order for Alabama to be readmitted to the Union, they had to do many
things. Discuss with your group the requirements the southern states had to
meet in order to be readmitted to the Union. Think about all the consequences
of the Civil War and the damage caused by the secession of the southern
states.
1. Fold a sheet of paper two times so that when unfolded, 3 columns are
shown. Trace the columns with a pencil.
2. Head your columns with the following headings: Requirements I Agree With,
Requirements I Disagree With, and Additional Requirements
3. Requirements I Agree With - List the requirements that you agree
should be met by the southern states before being readmitted to the
Union.
4.Requirements I Disagree With - List the requirements that you do not
think should be met by the southern states before being readmitted to
the Union.
5.Additional Requirements – List at least 2 other requirements that you
feel should have been met before being readmitted to the Union.
***Illustrate each column***
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2A
3-2-1
In your notebook complete the following:
List 3 requirements Alabama had to meet to reenter the Union
List 2 problems that freedmen were now experiencing
List 1 word to describe the south during this time period
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 A- Land Grant Colleges
Morrill Land-Grant Act was passed in
1862 to help support colleges that would
prepare young people for practical
careers like engineering, agriculture, and
veterinary medicine.
The college at Auburn (AUBURN
UNIVERSITY )-named Alabama’s land
grant college in 1872.
1890- Agricultural and Mechanical
College at Huntsville was given land
grant funds
1899-Tuskegee Institute (Tuskegee
University) received land grant status
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 A- William Savery: Man of Vision
William Savery taught himself to read and
write will doing his work as a slave carpenter
After the war, he continued his interest in
education and began educating other former
slaves
Attended a Freedmen’s Bureau convention in
Mobile in 1865. He then decided to start a
school in the home of David White.
They hired a young teacher and asked the
Freedmen’s Bureau to get more teachers but
he still wanted more
With the help of General Wager Swayne and
the American Missionary Association, Savery
bought an old white Baptist college (Oct.
1867)
A month later-140 students enrolled in the
new Talladega College
He continued to work closely with the college
until his death
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 A- The End of Reconstruction
Many white Alabamians, former confederates
and members of the Democratic Party, didn’t
agree with reconstruction
They didn’t believe that slaves should have
rights that were now taken away from their
former masters, didn’t like carpetbaggers
holding high political offices, and they wanted
things to return to the ways they were before
the Civil War.
Some disagreed peacefully but others turned
to violence.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)-secret club that terrorized
blacks and white Republicans to keep them
from voting. They wore white robes, pointed
hoods, masks, and rode around frightening,
beating, and even killing these people.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 A- William Savery: The End of Reconstruction
Many Alabamians did not agree with the ways
of the KKK, it took an act of Congress in 1870
and federal troops to stop the violence they
caused.
Klan activity decreased when Congress gave
former Confederates the right to vote again.
1874-Democrats elected George Houston as
governor.
Over the next 3 years Union troops left the
state, most carpetbaggers left, and scalawags
had very little power.
Conservative white Democrats were now in
control and Reconstruction was over.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 A- William Savery: After Reconstruction
You may think things would have been
different now that freedmen were allowed to
vote, but white Democrats regained power
because they could control the black vote.
The wealthy Democrats controlled the jobs of
the freed slaves and white farmers because
the freed slaves had no money to buy land
and many of the white farmers had lost their
property. Those who owned large plantations
needed help working the land. Sharecropping
then developed.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 A- William Savery: After Reconstruction
Sharecropping-large landowners would give a
sharecropper a place to live, seed,
equipment, and anything else needed to
make a crop.
The share cropper would then plant, harvest,
and sell his crop giving a portion of the profit
to the landowner
Tenant Farming was the same as
sharecropping except they usually owned
their own livestock and equipment
Children of a sharecropper helped with the
crops, tended the farm animals, worked in the
garden, and looked after siblings. They didn’t
have time to go to school because their family
needed them to work on the farm.
Because the large land owners controlled the
lives of the sharecroppers and tenant
farmers, they had a lot of political power
because they could influence how they voted.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2A- Review Questions
1. What was the Ku Klux Klan?
2. How did the Democrats gain
control of the Alabama
government?
3. What was life like for the child
of a sharecropper?
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2A- Answers
1.
2.
3.
The Ku Klux Klan was a secret club that
terrorized blacks and white Republicans to
keep them from voting.
The Democrats gained control of the
Alabama government when the
Confederates were given the right to vote,
elected their candidate as governor, and
sent out Union troops.
Children of a sharecropper helped with the
crops, tended the farm animals, worked in
the garden, and looked after siblings. They
didn’t have time to go to school because
their family needed them to work on the
farm.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2A
If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer in
Alabama, what would you do or where would you
go for help. Remember…you and your family
need things like food, shelter, education, and a
way to earn money. Explain your thinking.
Turn and Talk
Be ready to discuss your thoughts with the rest of the class.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2A
If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer in
Alabama, what would you do or where would you
go for help. Remember…you and your family
need things like food, shelter, education, and a
way to earn money. Explain your thinking.
Possible responses: Freedman’s Bureau, family
members, sharecropping, tenant farming
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 B- Villages, Towns, and Cities
Urban areas (city)-Men worked as store
keepers, doctors, lawyers, and teachers.
They had public and private schools.
There were school and they were in
session longer because children didn’t
have to work. If families living in the
country had money, then they sent their
children to boarding schools.
Schools in town were better than those in
rural areas (country).
Schools were segregated-separate
schools for white and black. Schools
attended by black children didn’t receive
as much money.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 B- Birmingham
Birmingham was known as a New South
city of industry.
It was called “the Magic City” because it
sprang suddenly from an old cornfield.
The closest town was Elyton and they
didn’t want a railroad to come through
their town, so Birmingham began as a
railroad crossroads.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 B- Industry and Transportation
Many Alabamians left the farms for towns
and cities. Foreigners settled in the larger
cities. Mobile and Birmingham had many
immigrants living there.
Before the Civil War, Birmingham had
not existed. During Reconstruction,
people became interested in all its
natural resources that were able to
produce iron and steel (iron ore,
limestone, and coal).
Work in Birmingham was plentiful and
people came from all over the South as
well as other countries to live there.
Birmingham was on its way to becoming
the largest and most diverse city in the
state.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 B- Railroads
Railroads were the main reason towns
and cities grew during the years after the
Reconstruction.
Railroads connected towns and offered
access to places outside the state.
Dothan, Monroeville, Anniston, and
Birmingham became major market
centers because of the railroad.
They also allowed Alabama cotton and
iron to be shipped overland to markets
outside the state.
Alabama goods could now compete on
the world market, which offered more
jobs and opportunities to Alabamians.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2 B- Cotton Mill Towns
Cotton mills helped improve Alabama’s economy.
They were built close to where the cotton was
grown.
Alabama’s thread and cloth could be more cheaply
produced in the state than in New England or
Europe because mills were built close to where
cotton was grown and wages were low.
These industries were usually located along a fall
line, where waterpower was available.
Life for cotton mill families were a lot like the lives
of sharecroppers. Everyone worked…even
children. The owner of the mill provided housing
and credit so workers could buy food, clothing, and
other goods. Many owners built schools, churches,
company stores, recreational halls, and medical
clinics.
Many Alabamians wanted to live in cotton mill
towns
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2B- Review Questions
1. Name 3 kinds of schools
common in Alabama after
Reconstruction.
2. What was the main reason
for the growth of many
Alabama cities after the
Civil War?
3. Where were most cotton
mills located?
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 2B- Review Questions
1. 3 kinds of schools common in
Alabama after Reconstruction
were public, private, and
boarding schools.
2. Railroads were the main
reason for the growth of many
Alabama cities after the Civil
War.
3. Most cotton mills were located
along a fall line where cotton
was grown.
Lesson 2: Activity
1 Pager
Step 1: Your teacher will assign your group one of the following topics: Freedmen’s Bureau,
Ku Klux Klan, Sharecropping, Industry, Transportation, Schools, and Cotton Mill Towns.
Your group will be an EXPERT group on this topic. Your job is to teach the class about your
topic.
Step 2: In the middle of a sheet chart paper, you should illustrate a scene that involves
your group’s topic. Use your textbook pictures to guide you. Illustration must be true to
the time period.
Step 2: Any where on the paper, write 5 words that you think are important in learning
the information in this lesson. These words can be words used in the textbook.
Step 3: At the top of the page-write 3 facts about your topic you learned in the lesson.
Be sure these facts are meaningful to this lesson on life in Alabama during the late 1800’s.
Step 4: Answer the following question at the bottom of your paper by using the question
as part of your answer:
How is your life different/like a child living in Alabama during the late 1800’s? Use
details from the text to support your comparison.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- Apaches in Alabama
September 1886- Geronimo, an Apache war chief
and 500 other Apache Indians surrendered to
General Miles in Arizona and were sent to Fort
Pickens near Pensacola, Florida and others to old
army barracks in Mount Vernon, Alabama.
They were not used to the rainy weather and the
shortage of food and medicine.
Many died of Tuberculosis (TB)
After a while, things improved. Some of the men
worked with local farmers and were able to row and
buy better food.
1894, the Apaches were moved to Oklahoma but
conditions there were not much better.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- The Spanish American War
1898-U.S. went to war with Spain. Cuba
(a Spanish colony) was fighting for its
independence. Americans wanted to
help Cuba gain freedom so the U.S. sent
a battleship, the Maine, to Cuba
While the Maine was in Havana Harbor
it was blown up. April 1898, the U.S.
declared war on Spain.
Many Alabamians wanted to fight in this
war to prove their loyalty to the Unites
States after all that had happened during
the Civil War.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- The Spanish American War
Though not everyone who enlisted
actually fought, many Alabamians did
and became heroes.
Joseph “Fighting Joe” Wheeler:
-a confederate general at 28
-an excellent officer in the SpanishAmerican War
-a symbol of southern loyalty to the U.S.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- The Spanish American War
Richmond Pearson Hobson:
-a graduate of the U.S naval academy
-was captured during the war while
bravely attempting to sink a boat and trap
a Spanish fleet
-later served as a U.S. Congressman
-was awarded the Medal of Honor in
1933
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- The Spanish American War
Dr. William Crawford Gorgas:
-an army physician (doctor)
-was sent to Cuba where hundreds of
soldiers were dying of yellow fever
-he concluded that yellow fever was
carried by mosquitoes
-he was able to lower the cases of yellow
fever by having oil sprayed on water
where mosquitoes laid there eggs
-became the surgeon general of the
United States
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- Annie Wheeler: The Angel of Santiago
Fighting Joe Wheeler’s daughter Annie made
her own mark in the world.
She wanted to go to Cuba with her father to
help the wounded soldiers but could not.
She eventually found her way to Cuba and
worked with Clara Barton (founder of the Red
Cross)
Because of her work with the soldiers, she
was called the “Angel of Santiago”
She moved back home to Alabama when her
father died in 1906.
She left home again during World War to
serve in the Red Cross in England and
France
She returned home and continued to care for
the sick and needy until her death in 1955.
Her home (Pond Springs) is open to visitors.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- Alabama at the End of the Century
1888-1892: Farm prices were low and
farmers were having a hard time paying
their bills and taking care of their families.
Small farmers supported Reuben Kolb
for governor because he was an
agricultural reformer.
They founded a political party called the
Populist Party because it stood for
helping poor black and white farmers.
They were never able to elect Kolb
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- Alabama at the End of the Century
Late 1890’s- many Alabamians felt the future
was bright: cotton mills, steel mills, and mines
were offering jobs, towns were growing,
stores were opening, people talked of
progress, and railroads were the link to other
places.
Sadly, not everyone shared in this prosperity.
Sharecroppers and mill workers were in debt
and barely taking care of their families.
Alabamians remained in good spirits by
fishing, hunting, playing baseball, going to
church, attending company dinners, and
celebrating the 4th of July by having picnics,
contests, and parades. Many children passed
the time by playing hopscotch, marbles, and
hide and seek. They also invented new
games.
As the new century began, they looked
forward with hope for a period of increased
prosperity and progress.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- Review Questions
1. What happened to the Maine?
2. Name 2 heroes of the Spanish
American War from Alabama.
3. What disease did William Crawford
Gorgas help fight against?
4. At the end of the 1800s, what 3
industries offered new job
opportunities to Alabamians?
5. Name 3 favorite activities of
Alabama children during this time.
Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama
Lesson 3- Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Maine was blown up in the Havana
Harbor.
2 heroes of the Spanish American War from
Alabama were Fighting Joe Wheeler and
Richard Pearson Hobson.
William Crawford Gorgas helped fight
against yellow fever.
At the end of the 1800s, the 3 industries that
offered new job opportunities to Alabamians
were cotton mills, steel mills, and mines.
3 favorite activities of Alabama children
during this time were marbles, hopscotch,
and hide and seek.
Chapter 6 Activity
Venn Diagram
Step 1: On a sheet of chart paper, your group should compare and
contrast Alabama before the Civil War (A), After the Civil War (B), and
Alabama today (C) . Use as many details from the textbook as possible
Step 2: Answer the following question on your chart paper by using
the question as part of your answer:
Would you rather be an Alabamian before the Civil War, After the
Civil War, or TODAY? Explain why you feel this way. Give many reasons
to validate your opinion.
Extension: On your chart paper, illustrate a day in Alabama during the
late 1800’s (during the Reconstruction).
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
mercantile
Relating to
merchants and the
goods they sell
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
carpetbagger
Northerners who
came south after
the war for political
or economic gain
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
scalawag
Southerners who
supported
Reconstruction in
order to take
advantage of other
Southerners
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
Freedmen’s Bureau
Distributed food
and clothing to
former slaves
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
Radical Republicans
A group that passed
the 1st
Reconstruction Act
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
sharecropper
A person who gave
part of the proceeds
of crop sales to
landowner in
exchange for rent
and seeds
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
Populist Party
Stood for helping
poor white and
black farmers
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
Market center
Locations in which
goods are produced
and/or traded
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Review
speculator
People who engage
in risky business
ventures that offer
the chance of large
profits