Download Civil War Study Guide

Civil War Study Guide
Mrs. Williamson
8th Grade American History
Jefferson Davis- first and only President of the CSA
Had a political (served under President Pierce) and military
background (West Point, Mexican War)
Abraham Lincoln- 16th President of the U.S.A.
Republican “neutral” candidate for the election of 1860.
Believed secession was illegal and was willing to use force
to defend Federal law.
“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not
in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war”
Robert E. Lee- Virginian man and commander of the
Confederate Army. Although he opposed succession
and disliked slavery, he did not want to disregard his
homeland. Arlington, VA is birth place….it later
became a cemetery site for Union soldiers…WHY?
https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/abrahamlincoln
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War Aims and Strategies:
 After the attack on Fort Sumter, the north was worried
about the status of the border states (Kentucky, Missouri,
Maryland, and Delaware). The hope was to keep these
slave holding states in the Union.
 The Confederacy’s aim was to win recognition as an
independent nation. They had a primarily defensive
strategy, but did move their army to some northern cities.
 The Union’s plan for winning the war was based on
three major goals
►1. Blockade southern ports to stop supplies
►2. Gain control of the Mississippi to split the C.S.A.
►3. Capture Richmond, VA
Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln’s
formal declaration to set slaves free; it stated
that beginning on Jan. , 1863, slaves in
rebelling states were free; This changed the
cause of the war and increased England’s
support for the Union
54th Massachusetts Regiment- An African
American regiment which attacked Ft.
Wagner in 1863 and became engaged in hand
to hand combat. Almost ½ killed but they
gained recognition and respect
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/batterywagner/maps/batterywagnermap.html
http://wn.com/glory_%2854h_massachusetts_assault_on_fort_wagner_july_18,_1863%29
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/the-54th-massachusetts-infantry
Clara Barton- Civil War Nurse and founder of
the American Red Cross. Also, Barton kept
detailed records of wounded soldiers . She
began her work at the battle of Antietam.
Dorthea Dix- Typically known for helping the
mentally ill, enforcing sanitary conditions,
and reforming prisons, Dix became the
Superintendent of Nurses for the Union
Army. In addition, she organized many
women to serve as military nurses.
Sally Louisa Tompkins- Southern woman who
opened a hospital for the south in Richmond
Virginia. Her hospital’s survival rate was at
94%!
Habeas Corpus- The right to have a hearing before
being jailed- This right was suspended by
Lincoln after protests in cities occurred as
people began interfering with the war effort.
1863 Draft Law- Passed by Congress which
required all “able bodied” men btw 20 and 35 to
serve in the military if they were called for duty
or made them pay $300 to be excused.
Inflation- rise in prices caused by an increase in the
amount of $ in circulation. For example,
because the Union did not have enough $ for
war, more than $400 million greenbacks were
printed. The more money that was printed, the
decrease in value of each dollar
http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/historicdocuments/a/lincolnhabeas.htm