* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 15 The Start of the Civil War
Battle of Big Bethel wikipedia , lookup
Kentucky in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Appomattox Station wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Antietam wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Roanoke Island wikipedia , lookup
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Sumter wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Lexington wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Port Royal wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
Fort Fisher wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
Economy of the Confederate States of America wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Cedar Creek wikipedia , lookup
Confederate privateer wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
• • • • • • • Lincoln is the only U.S. President to receive a patent. The device was to help ships avoid inadvertent grounding. Lincoln had two siblings, Thomas and Sarah. Thomas died in infancy and Sarah died in childbirth at the age of twenty. Abraham Lincoln is the tallest U.S. President at 6' 4". Before becoming a lawyer and politician, Lincoln worked as a rail-splitter, flatboatman, storekeeper, postmaster and surveyor. Mary Todd and Lincoln's engagement was broken off before they reconciled and married. Only one of Abraham Lincoln's four sons outlived him. Barack Obama took the Oath of Office on a bible that was used by Abraham Lincoln at his first inauguration in 1861. Ironically, the man who administered Lincoln's oath was Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney who authored the Supreme Court's ruling on the infamous Dred Scott decision. • The war years were difficult for Abraham Lincoln and his family. After his young son Willie died of typhoid fever in 1862, the emotionally fragile Mary Lincoln, widely unpopular for her frivolity and spendthrift ways, held seances in the White House in the hopes of communicating with him, earning her even more derision. The Start of the Civil War Abraham Lincoln “ A house divided can not stand.” What is the war about? #1 REASON: STATE’S RIGHTS The South believed their rights were being taken away. Their way of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness was being challenged. Southern slavery contributed to their way of life and success. Secession! #1 South Carolina Dec. 20, 1860 Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. • Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, SC. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • Confederate forces asked for its surrender. • Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. • Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. • Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. • The Civil War began. The first shots at Fort Sumter brought … Quote, “every soldier in the harbor to his feet, every man, woman and child in Charleston from their bed.” Lincoln’s Response • Lincoln declared the South to in a state of rebellion. • He asked for each state 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion. • Each state had to decide: secede or stay in the union. You are either with us or against us. Decide! Stephen Douglas stands behind Lincoln “There can be no neutrals in this, only patriots-or traitors.” Border States • Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri-slaves states that did not join the Confederacy. • Kentucky and Missouri controlled important rivers. • People in border states were deeply divided! Lincoln’s own wife had four brothers fighting for the confederacy. • Lincoln sent federal troops to the border states to keep them in the union. Rating the North & South Railroad Lines, 1860 Resources: North & South Men Present for Duty in the Civil War The Union & Confederacy in 1861 Secession!: Post Fort Sumter Overview of Northern Advantages • Larger population – North 22 million – South Only 9 million • • • • • More ships Larger, more efficient railroad system Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated More industry - 81% of nation’s factories Better banking system to raise $ for the war – 75% of nation’s wealth Overview of Northern Advantages • Wealth produced: – Factory production – Textile goods produced – Iron production – Coal production – Farm acreage – Livestock – Wheat production – Corn production Overview of Northern Disadvantages • Fought on Southern lands • Divided support for the war • Many believed the South had good chance of winning Overview of Southern Advantages • Fighting a defensive war – Local support of all men – familiar with terrain • Motivation: seeking independence, unified support • Short communication lines/ friendly population • Experienced officers- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett) • Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France • Slave Labor in the early part of the war Overview of Southern Disadvantages • Smaller population • Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies • Poor transportation system • Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states – Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln Overview North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission The Anaconda Plan • Capture Richmond and force surrender • Force out Confederates from border states • Control the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of: – soldiers – Weapons – Ammunition – Clothes – Food – other supplies needed • Blockade southern ports to stop – cotton shipments – supplies from foreign nations Anaconda Squeeze Southern Strategy • Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting-WEAR THE NORTH DOWN! • Capture Washington, D.C. • • Gain control of border states Gain England's support using Cotton Diplomacy: Hoping Great Britain would help the South because it needed it’s cotton. Expel Union troops from South • Preparing for War-Neither side is ready! Volunteer Armies-unskilled teachers, farmers, laborers all had to learn how to march, shoot, use a bayonet, and kill! Training was difficult. Surviving was essential. Helping the Troops • • • • Civilians raised money provided aid ran emergency hospitals. Thousands of volunteers worked with the U.S. Sanitary Commission to send bandages, medicines, and food to camps • In the Union army over 3000 women volunteered to be nurses. A Young Man’s War • More than 2,000,000 Federal soldiers were twenty-one or under (of a total of some 2,700,000)More than 1,000,000 were eighteen or under. About 800,000 were seventeen or under. About 200,000 were sixteen or under. About 100,000 were fifteen or under. Three hundred were thirteen or undermost of these fifers or drummers, but regularly enrolled, and sometimes fighters. Twenty-five were ten or under War in the East Generals at Bull Run General Irwin McDowell vs.General PGT Beauregard First Battle of Bull Run, July 21,1861 • Following Fort Sumter, Union military believed Confederacy could be quickly crushed with little loss of life. • Union Gen. McDowell led 34,000 inexperienced and poorly trained militia toward the railroad junction in Manassas, Virginia. • General Beauregard was alerted and he prepared his 20,000 troops. He called for help, 9000 more troops arrived. • Three Union divisions crossed the Bull Run Stream and began driving Confederate troops back. • Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson positioned his soldiers and stood firm. His men stopped the Union charge. “Stonewall Jackson” Nickname. • Union artillery was captured • Beauregard led a charge to the right of the Union army, McDowell’s line was broken and the Union army retreated. Casualties: Union 3000 Confederate 2000 Interesting Fact • On July 21 Hundreds of men, women and children attended the battle. Many brought picnics believing it would be a glorious show to watch. Interesting Fact: Uniforms not standard yet. Bull Run, 1861 the 1st battle of the Civil War. It showed the nation that the war was going to be long and costly. The North had 387 soldiers killed while the South lost 460. The South won the battle. Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonConfederate • • • • • • • • • • • Served in the Mexican-American war West Point Graduate Married Twice He didn’t use chairs because he believed that standing was good for one’s health. Brilliant soldier famous for his fearlessness. “Right Arm” of Robert E. Lee He sucked on lemons daily He believed God would lead the South to victory. He prayed before every battle. May 2, 1963 He was shot by his own men. (by mistake) He had his arm amputated, but died from pneumonia Robert E. Lee “The greatest soldier living today.” Winfield Scott • • • • • • • • • Married with 7 children Officer in the Mexican-American War. Was against slavery even though he lived in the South. Confederate commander. Was first asked by Lincoln to lead Union troops, but he was a Virginia man. Had huge success against Union leaders. He trusted horse was named Traveller. He had a pet hen that he took everywhere with him. After his surrender, he returned home and died of Pneumonia 4 years later. Ulysses S. Grant-Union Commander • • • • • • • • Almost drowned at the age of 7 Married the love of his life. Had 4 children Tried farming, real estate West Point graduate Incredible military leader He liked to drag race horses! Won the war and became two term president. 2nd Manassas or 2nd Bull Run, VA • August 29-30, 1862 • The general for the Confederate was Stonewall Jackson. • The general for the Yankees was John Pope. • The North lost 16,000 soldiers while the South lost only 9,000 • The South won the battle in the last few hours. Antietam, Maryland September 17, 1862 considered the single bloodiest day in the American history. The Union claims victory, but the win in only a slight advantage. Lee’s North advance ended and many troops die. First metal ships in world! Ironclads • Union has a strong navy, Confederates no navy. • Confederates capture a Union ship, added iron and changed its name to The Virginia. • Union already had Ironclad name Monitor. • The two battled and the Monitor forced the Virginia to withdraw. Changed war tactics forever! Battle of Shiloh: Fought in western territory of Tennessee. Confederates surprise Grant, but Grant is able to stand firm and eventually win=Union Victory! Huge Death Toll! Vicksburg, May-July 1863. The Union victory divides the south in half greatly weakening it. Weapons of War • Minie Ball=Fast, cheap, easy to produce. Greater accuracy. • Spencer Repeating Rifle=Reliable in battle, easy to produce. • Railroad=easier movement of troops and supplies. • Telegraph=Real time communications between commanders. Clara Barton “The Angel of the Battlefield.” • Soothed the wounded and dying as bullets flew around her. • Observing the horrendous medical conditions on the battle field. • Organized the collection of medicine and supplies for delivery in the battlefield. • Began the RED CROSS Emancipation Proclamation • The Civil War began as a war to restore the Union, NOT to end slavery. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union.” Abraham Lincoln to Horace Greenly The Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862. • It’s purpose was to free the slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederate states. Not Border States! • The president knew that it would make some people in the North and South angry. Took effect Jan. 1 1863 Reasons for the Emancipation Proclamation • Other than a slight win at Antietam, the war was going badly for the North. • Lincoln needed a way to turn things around • He thought that freeing the slaves in the South would help bring about that change Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Proclamation: September 22nd, 1862 "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixtythree, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free” In which states have slaves been freed? In which states have slaves not been freed? Why is this? Why might Lincoln be trying to make the South’s slavery more obvious to Europeans? (Lincoln signing the Emancipation Proclamation) African Americans Fight in the War! As casualties climbed, the Union needed more troops. African Americans volunteered-not all whites accepted them! The U.S. Government gave Contrabands, or escaped slaves, the right to join the Union army in South Carolina. • 54th Massachusetts Infantry led a heroic charge on S.C. Fort Wagner. Half of the regiment was killed, wounded or captured. • Their bravery made them the most celebrated African American unit of the war. Did You Know? • After the Emancipation Proclamation an African American congregation raised $580.00 to buy Lincoln a Bible. The cover had a picture of Lincoln breaking off the chains of a slave working in a cotton field. Battle of Gettysburg, PA: June 30th, 1863 Conf. General Lee attempts to take Washington, D.C. • Union General George Meade meets him at Gettysburg, PA • On the third day, Lee charges Union forces who are on higher ground. • Conf. fails; this is the TURNING POINT of the war • Gettysburg 1863 July1-3, Lee’s gamble to destroy the Union army signals the end for the Confederate cause. Death Toll 3 day battle 51,000 Soldiers killed, wounded or captured Union =23,000 Confederates=28,000 After Gettysburg, any help from France or Great Britain ended. Gettysburg Address • Speech made to dedicate battlefield cemetery. • His speech reminded the nation of the spirit of liberty and freedom held by citizens of a democracy. The Gettysburg Address: November 19th, 1863 “…that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. “ General William T. Sherman “My goal is to taste salt water.” Sherman’s March to the Sea! • Lincoln needed a victory for the Union to help with re-election. Sherman is his answer! • Sherman’s 100,000 troops marched south from Tennessee through Atlanta and Savannah, Georgia destroying them in the process. • Sherman practiced total war, destroying civilian and economic resources, in the hope of ruining the South’s economy and ending its ability to fight. They burned homes, crops, farms, pulled up railroads, and killed livestock In April 3, 1865 Lee’s army is surrounded on three sides by Grant. The Confederates surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia April 9, 1865. Surrender With his army surrounded, his men weak and exhausted, Robert E. Lee realized there was little choice but to consider the surrender of his Army to General Grant. After a series of notes between the two leaders, they agreed to meet on April 9, 1865, at the house of Wilmer McLean in the village of Appomattox Courthouse. The meeting lasted approximately two and one-half hours and at its conclusion the bloodliest conflict in the nation's history neared its end. • Wilmer McLean lived peaceful life in Manassas, Virginia when the Civil War erupted. His hometown is on the road between Washington DC and Richmond, VA, the capitals of Union and Confederate respectively. So the battle that is considered as start of the war, The Battle of Bull Run, happened on that road, just in front of McLean’s house, and was quickly used as Confederate headquarters. With his house being shot all the time, he decided to move further in Virginia. The strange coincidence is the fact that the war began in his house, but ended in his new one. Four years later, Union’s General surrender in McLean’s house. He has said: “The war began in my front yard and ended in my front parlor.” •