* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Civil War - Miss Callihan's Social Studies Website
Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Malvern Hill wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Antietam wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Hampton Roads wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Roanoke Island wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Island Number Ten wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Lexington wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Cedar Creek wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
The Call to Arms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did two border states bolster northern confidence? Kentucky and Delaware supported the Union. What Virginia event helped the North? The western counties of Virginia refuse to secede and become West Virginia. What four things did the North have much more of than the South had? Factories, railroad track, farmland people. What were three parts of the Northern strategy? Blockade southern seaports, cut the south in two by gaining control of the Mississippi River, invade Virginia and seize Richmond. Who was the Union general in the First Battle of Bull Run? Irvin Mc Dowell Irvin McDowell 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did two border states bolster southern confidence? Maryland and Missouri supported the South, and northern troops had to be used to subdue them. Which generals left the U.S. Army to join the Confederate Army? Robert E Lee, Joseph Johnston, Albert Johnston What were two advantages the South had? The Confederates would be fighting on their own territory, and the local people would help them, they would be lead by some of the nation’s best officers What was the South’s strategy? To defend its lead until the North got tired of fighting and seek aid from European Nations Why was the South hopeful that Britain would support it? Because Britain was a major trading partner that needed Southern cotton. Robert E Lee What effect did the war have on American families? It broke families apart 2. What were the camp conditions for soldiers? Often miserable and diseased, no clean water. 3. What were the conditions for prisoners of war in the North and the South? Over crowded prison camps, food shortages, high death rate 1. Early Years of the War New rifles and cannons were more accurate and had greater range than previous weapons. Ironclads were a great improvement over older wooden warships. Event: Forts Henry and Donelson, February 1862 Military Leader: Union: Grant Outcome: The Union takes control of two water routes into the western Confederacy. Event: Use of ironclads Outcome: Ironclads are used by the South against the blockade and by the North to hold the Mississippi River Event: Battle of Shiloh, April 1862 Military Leader: Union: Grant Confederacy: A. S. Johnston Outcome: Union takes control of major railroad center and part of the Mississippi River Event: New Orleans, April 1862 Military Leader: Union: Farragut Outcome: The North controls almost all of the Mississippi River. Event: Outside Richmond, Virginia, May and June 1862 Military Leader: Union: McClellan Outcome: Richmond is not taken Event: Battle of Antietam, September 1862 Military Leader: Union: McClellan Confederacy: Lee Outcome: Lee is forced to stop his invasion of the North Reading Notes The Emancipation Proclamation Banning of slavery in all federal territories and in Washington D.C. Withdrawing federal protection of slavery on the high seas Relieving federal officials of their duty to return fugitive slaves to their masters under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Stated that slaves who made it to Union lines would be freed, but soldiers could not go to plantations and entice slaves to leave William Seward He did want the Emancipation Proclamation to seem like a last measure or a cry for help “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it. And if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would do that.” The Battle of Antietam The ‘victory’ was the win Lincoln had been waiting for to release the proclamation It gave the rebel states until the end of the year to lay down their weapons and rejoin the Union or he would free all the slaves in the south on January 1 (Basically this was an ultimatum to the South) January 1, 1863 It authorized the enlistment of free blacks for the armed service in the Union Army (20% of the army) Lifted the ban on enticement (put into place in the Confiscation Acts) (weakening the south) Put pressure on the slave holding border states loyal to the Union MOST IMPORTANTLY: it gave the war an added meaning: it was now a war to end slavery (Britain would not side with slavery) ½ a million West Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri A reluctant emancipator- a president who for a long time was unwilling to transform a war for the Union into a war to abolish slavery A political genius- he bided his time until public opinion caught up to his views Neither of the above- Lincoln the politician and the man were too complex The Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s main war goal was to restore or preserve the Union. He did not free slaves at the beginning of the war in order to avoid causing border states to secede. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. However, it only freed slaves in states fighting the Union, so very few enslaved people were immediately freed. Most Union soldiers supported the proclamation because it weakened the South. The Emancipation Proclamation caused the Civil War to become a war to end slavery. It also kept Britain from recognizing the South’s independance. More than half of African American volunteers serving in the Union army were former slaves. Confederates did not treat captured African American soldiers as prisoners of war; they faced slavery or death. Noncombat positions held by free African Americans in the Union army: Cooks wagon drivers Hospital aides Ways enslaved African Americans hurt the Confederate war effort: Provided information to the Union Refused to work The Civil War and American Life In the North, some people: Opposed the Emancipation Proclamation believed the South had the right to secede Blamed Lincoln for forcing the South into war Northern Democrats opposed to the war were called Copperheads Areas of the South less supportive of war: Poor backcountry regions with few enslaved people Opposition to the war was strongest in Georgia and North Carolina Divisions were also created by strong support for states’ rights Ways people disrupted the war effort: encouraged soldiers to desert Helped prisoners of war escape Tried to prevent men from volunteering Held peace protests Both sides dealt with disruptions in some areas by suspending habeas corpus Let’s Think: What is habeas corpus? Desertion was a problem for both sides. Many soldiers left their units to plant or harvest crops Each side established a draft, a system of required military service. Anger at exceptions to this requirement caused riots in many places. New York Draft Riots Congress levied the first income tax to pay for the war. The Union printed large amounts of paper money, causing the cost of goods to increase. Union blockades of the South caused shortages that made goods expensive. Women’s contributions to the war effort on both sides: disguised themselves as men to join the army Became spies Took over businesses and farms Worked in factories Barriers for women fell, especially in the field of nursing. Decisive Battles General: Ambrose Burnside Battle(s): Fredericksburg Result: the Union suffered almost 13,000 casualties General: Joseph Hooker Battle(s): Chancellorsville Result: Union force was smashed, Stonewall Jackson died General: George Meade Battle(s): Gettysburg Result: Union victory that forced Lee out of the North and cost Lee nearly a third of his soldiers, who could not be replaced. General: Ulysses Grant Battle(s): Vicksburg Result: City is captured by the Union, and the South loses all major strongholds on the Mississippi River General: Ulysses Grant Battle(s): Petersburg Result: Lee’s army is trapped General: William Sherman Battle(s): Atlanta Result: the city of Atlanta is captured General: William Sherman Battle(s): “March to the Sea” Result: The South’s people and land are devastated by total war General: Ulysses S Grant Battle(s): Richmond Result: Confederate national capital is taken and Lee is forced to surrender his army. Lincoln looked ahead to victory in a speech in 1863 called the Gettysburg Address. The capture of Atlanta gave Lincoln a victory in the Presidential Election Number of Union soldiers killed in the Civil War: 360,000 Number of Confederate soldiers killed in the Civil War: 260,000 Key results of the Civil War: It reunited the Union It put an end to slavery.