Download SLAVERY CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION

SLAVERY
CIVIL WAR
AND
RECONSTRUCTION
SLAVERY
Servants in America
-Indentured servants: free after working
off their passage
-Indians
-Africans
-central and western Africa
-captured by enemy tribes and
white traders
-put in iron
Middle Passage: trip across the Atlantic
33% Die
Starvation
Disease
Suicide
Slave Auction:
-slaves shown off
-sold to the highest bidder
-families broken
-most will be sold at least
once in their life
Plantations
-Master: owner
-Overseer: white person that
breaks them
Slave Codes
-Could not meet together
-Could not leave the plantation
-Could not own weapons
-Could not testify against whites
-COULD NOT BE EDUCATED
Work
-Domestic
-men: butler, stage driver
-women: cook, clean
tend children
-Field work
-Carpenter: most expensive
-Driver: slave that whips other slaves
Organization
-task: one job for the day
hired out to make money(carpenter)
-gang: forcing slaves to work from
dawn to dusk
Discipline:
-Whippings
-Taught to be inferior
-Church: Story of Ham
Rebellion:
-refusal to follow orders
-work done slowly or sloppy
-run away
-Nat Turner: God told him to
free the slaves
hanged
Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney
increased the demand for slaves
Anti-slavery movement: ABOLITION
-American Colonization Society
-Militant Abolitionists
-David Walker: slave should
violently strike
for freedom
-William Lloyd Garrison: immediate abolition
Liberator
contradicts the Bible and
Constitution
-Religious groups: Charles Finney
Quakers
-Frederick Douglass: self educated
former slave
North Star
-Underground Railroad: Harriet Tubman
slaves
hid in “stations”
`
traveled at night
hunted with dogs
Fugitive Slave Law
“Moses”
Tension Builds
Sectionalism: division of America into North and
South
Dealing with Slavery:
-Northwest Ordinance: No slavery
-north of the Ohio
-west of the Mississippi
Missouri Compromise: Clay
-Missouri: slave
-Maine: free
-No slavery north of the 36’30
Texas: wants to enter as a slave state
Wilmot Proviso: no slavery in
land from
Mexico
Doesn’t pass: South dominates
Congress
Compromise of 1850: “Clay’s Compromise”
-California: free
-Utah and New Mexico: popular sovereignty (choice)
-no slavery in DC
-Fugitive Slave Law:
-6 months and a $1,000 for helping runaways
-Runaways could not testify
-Results: southerners
recapture slaves
-free blacks move to
Canada
Solomon Northup
Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Harriet Beecher Stowe
showed slaves as human
result: abolition picks up
Kansas Nebraska Act: popular sovereignty
Missouri Compromise repealed
Stephen Douglas
Result of Kansas Nebraska Act:
BLEEDING
KANSAS
-free soilers and proslavery vote illegal
-two capitals:
-Lecompton: slave
-Topeka: free
-violence:
-Beecher’s Bibles
-Lawrence
-Pattawatomie Creek: John Brown
Preston Brooks attacks Charles Sumner
Political Parties:
-Democrat: split
-Know Nothings: anti-immigration
-Republican:
-keep slavery out of new territories
-farmers can’t compete with slave owners
-Black Republicans: emancipation(free slaves)
Dred Scott:
-sues master for his freedom
-Chief Justice Roger Taney rules
-slave can’t sue
-property can be taken anywhere
MISSOURI COMPROMISE IS RULED
UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!!
Lincoln Douglas Debates: Illinois Senate
-Douglas:
-popular sovereignty would vote
slavery out
-Lincoln is a radical
-Lincoln:
-slavery should be illegal
-Douglas looks like he support slavery
-INTRODUCED LINCOLN’S VIEWS
TO THE COUNTRY
Harper’s Ferry
-John Brown attacked armory
- “God told me to do it!!!”
-Trial: insane but acted with dignity
-HANGED for TREASON against a STATE
-SOUTH THOUGHT THE NORTH WAS OUT
TO GET THEM!!!
ELECTION OF 1860:
-South threatens to leave in Lincoln is elected
-Lincoln loses the popular vote but wins electoral
college
-SOUTH
CAROLINA SECEDES!!!!!!!
Reasons for secession:
-slavery
-states rights
-southern regionalism
FORT SUMTER, SC
-Confederates fire on the fort
-CIVIL
WAR BEGINS!!!!!!
-OTHER SOUTHERN STATES
SECEDES
Stars and Bars
The original Confederate Flag
America At War (1861-1865)
Confederate States of America
President: Jefferson Davis
government experience
graduate of West Point
Mexican War veteran
Vice President: Alexander Stephens
Strong state governments
Johnny Reb
Advantages:
-Small and compact
-Outdoor life
-Independence
-home ground
-better leaders
Robert E. Lee
Border states: slave states staying in the Union
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri
United States of America
Union
President: Abraham Lincoln
member of the House of Representatives
never served in the military
purpose: PRESERVE
THE
UNION!!!!!!
Billy Yank:
Advantages
-population
-2/3 of states
-90% of industry
-75% of money
-established military
-70% of railroads
Battle Plans:
-Confederacy: Outlast the North
-Union: Anaconda Plan
-Blockade
-Mississippi River
-Richmond
Mobilization: “Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”
-Confederacy:
-volunteers
-conscription: draft
-substitutes
-one man on each plantation exempt
-Union
-volunteers
-conscription
-bounties: money paid to enlist
-New York Draft Riot:
-Lincoln burned in
effigy
Paying for the war:
-Confederacy:
-no taxes
-war bonds
-printed Confederate money
-Union:
-income tax
-war bonds
-banks invest 1/3 of all money
in bonds
Fighting:
-Weapons
-cone shaped bullets
-artillery
-Enfield rifle
-Revolver
-Lever action
Medicine
-hospitals: tents, captured buildings, warehouses
-poor sanitation
-contaminated
water
-no gloves
-no sterilization
-no antiseptic: high infection rate
-few doctors
-amputations: removing a limb
-painkillers: ran out quickly
-morphine
-whiskey
-chloroform
Prisons:
-Confederate: Andersonville, GA
Women:
-Confederate:
-worked the farms
-suffered
-Union:
-Aid societies
-Dorothea Dix: nurses
-Clara Barton: Red Cross
-Sojourner Truth: spoke against Confederate
supporters (Copperheads)
Blacks in the war:
-contraband: illegal to keep
`
-1862 blacks recruited
-cooks
-drivers
-grave diggers
-Emancipation Proclamation
-slaves freed in areas of rebellion,
NOT THE BORDER STATES
-54TH Massachusetts
-first black regiment
-Robert Shaw (white)
-attacked Fort Wagner
Appomattox Courthouse:
-Lee surrenders to Grant
Effects:
-Confederacy
-Destruction of property
-Starvation
-No industry
-Pro-Union sentiment: West Virginia
-Unwillingness of states
-Davis seen as a villain
-Union
-Copperheads
-Lincoln suspends habeas corpus
-Economy boomed
AFTER THE WAR
-Jefferson Davis
-imprisoned
-Robert E. Lee
-home was taken
-Arlington National Cemetery
-became head of Washington
and Lee
-U.S. Grant
-became President
-throat cancer
RECONSTRUCTION
South
-destruction: factories, railroads, plantations,
cities
-banks closed
-slaves freed
North
-800,000 need jobs
-Recession
-Manufacturers expand and create jobs
Freedmen:
-13th Amendment abolished slavery
-Problems:
-Discrimination
-Education
-No money or land
-Solution:
-Freedmen’s Bureau
-sought work
-$ 5 million
for education
-clothing and medical
care
Presidential Reconstruction:
-Lincoln
-10% Plan
-10% of the people who voted in 1860
had to take an oath for the Union and
the Constitution
-Opposition
-Radical Republicans
-Wade Davis Bill:
-majority to take oath
-no repaying debts
-plantation land given to slaves
- “40 acres and mule”
Thaddeus Stevens
PRESIDENT LINCOLN IS
ASSASSINATED!!!
April 15,
1865
John Wilkes Booth
Lincoln’s Funeral
Ford’s Theater
John Booth shot in a
burning barn
Lewis Payne stabbing Frederick
Seward
Conspirators
Conspirators Hanged
Andrew Johnson: new President
-southerner but did not secede
-recognized Lincoln’s plan
-vetoed Radical laws
-Radicals said he was too soft
Radical Reconstruction
-2/3 vote could override Johnson’s veto
-South separated into military districts
-Debts cancelled
-No Confederate in office
-states must ratify
-13th: no slavery
-14th: citizenship
Hiram Revels
-15th: blacks can vote
1st black Senator
-Tenure of Office Act
-President must get Senate permission to dismiss
officials
Response:
-South
-Black Codes: same old slave codes
-Johnson fires officials
-impeachment charges filed
-one vote short
Grant becomes
President
Southern problems
-no money
-credit caused debt
-land sold to pay debts
-tenant farming
-former slaves work for masters
-politics
-Carpetbaggers: northerners
moving south
-Scalawags: southerner who
supported the Union
-inexperienced leadership
-corruption
New South
-Republicans change
-radicals die
-Grant charged with corruption
-North loses interest
-SOUTH REGAINS CONTROL!!!!
-accepted radical changes
-intimidation
-tenants forced to vote Democrat
-Poll tax: tax to vote
-Literacy test
-KKK
1876 Election
-Hayes: Republican
-Tilden Democrat
-Tilden wins: ELECTION FRAUD
-HAYES
TILDEN COMPROMISE!!!!
-Hayes becomes President and promises
-give money for southern railroads
-removes military
-ENDS
RECONSTRUCTION!!!!
Redeemers: Democrats who wanted the South to rise
again were elected as governors