* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download SLAVERY CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION
Survey
Document related concepts
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Treatment of slaves in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
SLAVERY CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION SLAVERY Servants in America -Indentured servants: free after working off their passage -Indians -Africans -central and western Africa -captured by enemy tribes and white traders -put in iron Middle Passage: trip across the Atlantic 33% Die Starvation Disease Suicide Slave Auction: -slaves shown off -sold to the highest bidder -families broken -most will be sold at least once in their life Plantations -Master: owner -Overseer: white person that breaks them Slave Codes -Could not meet together -Could not leave the plantation -Could not own weapons -Could not testify against whites -COULD NOT BE EDUCATED Work -Domestic -men: butler, stage driver -women: cook, clean tend children -Field work -Carpenter: most expensive -Driver: slave that whips other slaves Organization -task: one job for the day hired out to make money(carpenter) -gang: forcing slaves to work from dawn to dusk Discipline: -Whippings -Taught to be inferior -Church: Story of Ham Rebellion: -refusal to follow orders -work done slowly or sloppy -run away -Nat Turner: God told him to free the slaves hanged Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney increased the demand for slaves Anti-slavery movement: ABOLITION -American Colonization Society -Militant Abolitionists -David Walker: slave should violently strike for freedom -William Lloyd Garrison: immediate abolition Liberator contradicts the Bible and Constitution -Religious groups: Charles Finney Quakers -Frederick Douglass: self educated former slave North Star -Underground Railroad: Harriet Tubman slaves hid in “stations” ` traveled at night hunted with dogs Fugitive Slave Law “Moses” Tension Builds Sectionalism: division of America into North and South Dealing with Slavery: -Northwest Ordinance: No slavery -north of the Ohio -west of the Mississippi Missouri Compromise: Clay -Missouri: slave -Maine: free -No slavery north of the 36’30 Texas: wants to enter as a slave state Wilmot Proviso: no slavery in land from Mexico Doesn’t pass: South dominates Congress Compromise of 1850: “Clay’s Compromise” -California: free -Utah and New Mexico: popular sovereignty (choice) -no slavery in DC -Fugitive Slave Law: -6 months and a $1,000 for helping runaways -Runaways could not testify -Results: southerners recapture slaves -free blacks move to Canada Solomon Northup Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Harriet Beecher Stowe showed slaves as human result: abolition picks up Kansas Nebraska Act: popular sovereignty Missouri Compromise repealed Stephen Douglas Result of Kansas Nebraska Act: BLEEDING KANSAS -free soilers and proslavery vote illegal -two capitals: -Lecompton: slave -Topeka: free -violence: -Beecher’s Bibles -Lawrence -Pattawatomie Creek: John Brown Preston Brooks attacks Charles Sumner Political Parties: -Democrat: split -Know Nothings: anti-immigration -Republican: -keep slavery out of new territories -farmers can’t compete with slave owners -Black Republicans: emancipation(free slaves) Dred Scott: -sues master for his freedom -Chief Justice Roger Taney rules -slave can’t sue -property can be taken anywhere MISSOURI COMPROMISE IS RULED UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!! Lincoln Douglas Debates: Illinois Senate -Douglas: -popular sovereignty would vote slavery out -Lincoln is a radical -Lincoln: -slavery should be illegal -Douglas looks like he support slavery -INTRODUCED LINCOLN’S VIEWS TO THE COUNTRY Harper’s Ferry -John Brown attacked armory - “God told me to do it!!!” -Trial: insane but acted with dignity -HANGED for TREASON against a STATE -SOUTH THOUGHT THE NORTH WAS OUT TO GET THEM!!! ELECTION OF 1860: -South threatens to leave in Lincoln is elected -Lincoln loses the popular vote but wins electoral college -SOUTH CAROLINA SECEDES!!!!!!! Reasons for secession: -slavery -states rights -southern regionalism FORT SUMTER, SC -Confederates fire on the fort -CIVIL WAR BEGINS!!!!!! -OTHER SOUTHERN STATES SECEDES Stars and Bars The original Confederate Flag America At War (1861-1865) Confederate States of America President: Jefferson Davis government experience graduate of West Point Mexican War veteran Vice President: Alexander Stephens Strong state governments Johnny Reb Advantages: -Small and compact -Outdoor life -Independence -home ground -better leaders Robert E. Lee Border states: slave states staying in the Union Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri United States of America Union President: Abraham Lincoln member of the House of Representatives never served in the military purpose: PRESERVE THE UNION!!!!!! Billy Yank: Advantages -population -2/3 of states -90% of industry -75% of money -established military -70% of railroads Battle Plans: -Confederacy: Outlast the North -Union: Anaconda Plan -Blockade -Mississippi River -Richmond Mobilization: “Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight” -Confederacy: -volunteers -conscription: draft -substitutes -one man on each plantation exempt -Union -volunteers -conscription -bounties: money paid to enlist -New York Draft Riot: -Lincoln burned in effigy Paying for the war: -Confederacy: -no taxes -war bonds -printed Confederate money -Union: -income tax -war bonds -banks invest 1/3 of all money in bonds Fighting: -Weapons -cone shaped bullets -artillery -Enfield rifle -Revolver -Lever action Medicine -hospitals: tents, captured buildings, warehouses -poor sanitation -contaminated water -no gloves -no sterilization -no antiseptic: high infection rate -few doctors -amputations: removing a limb -painkillers: ran out quickly -morphine -whiskey -chloroform Prisons: -Confederate: Andersonville, GA Women: -Confederate: -worked the farms -suffered -Union: -Aid societies -Dorothea Dix: nurses -Clara Barton: Red Cross -Sojourner Truth: spoke against Confederate supporters (Copperheads) Blacks in the war: -contraband: illegal to keep ` -1862 blacks recruited -cooks -drivers -grave diggers -Emancipation Proclamation -slaves freed in areas of rebellion, NOT THE BORDER STATES -54TH Massachusetts -first black regiment -Robert Shaw (white) -attacked Fort Wagner Appomattox Courthouse: -Lee surrenders to Grant Effects: -Confederacy -Destruction of property -Starvation -No industry -Pro-Union sentiment: West Virginia -Unwillingness of states -Davis seen as a villain -Union -Copperheads -Lincoln suspends habeas corpus -Economy boomed AFTER THE WAR -Jefferson Davis -imprisoned -Robert E. Lee -home was taken -Arlington National Cemetery -became head of Washington and Lee -U.S. Grant -became President -throat cancer RECONSTRUCTION South -destruction: factories, railroads, plantations, cities -banks closed -slaves freed North -800,000 need jobs -Recession -Manufacturers expand and create jobs Freedmen: -13th Amendment abolished slavery -Problems: -Discrimination -Education -No money or land -Solution: -Freedmen’s Bureau -sought work -$ 5 million for education -clothing and medical care Presidential Reconstruction: -Lincoln -10% Plan -10% of the people who voted in 1860 had to take an oath for the Union and the Constitution -Opposition -Radical Republicans -Wade Davis Bill: -majority to take oath -no repaying debts -plantation land given to slaves - “40 acres and mule” Thaddeus Stevens PRESIDENT LINCOLN IS ASSASSINATED!!! April 15, 1865 John Wilkes Booth Lincoln’s Funeral Ford’s Theater John Booth shot in a burning barn Lewis Payne stabbing Frederick Seward Conspirators Conspirators Hanged Andrew Johnson: new President -southerner but did not secede -recognized Lincoln’s plan -vetoed Radical laws -Radicals said he was too soft Radical Reconstruction -2/3 vote could override Johnson’s veto -South separated into military districts -Debts cancelled -No Confederate in office -states must ratify -13th: no slavery -14th: citizenship Hiram Revels -15th: blacks can vote 1st black Senator -Tenure of Office Act -President must get Senate permission to dismiss officials Response: -South -Black Codes: same old slave codes -Johnson fires officials -impeachment charges filed -one vote short Grant becomes President Southern problems -no money -credit caused debt -land sold to pay debts -tenant farming -former slaves work for masters -politics -Carpetbaggers: northerners moving south -Scalawags: southerner who supported the Union -inexperienced leadership -corruption New South -Republicans change -radicals die -Grant charged with corruption -North loses interest -SOUTH REGAINS CONTROL!!!! -accepted radical changes -intimidation -tenants forced to vote Democrat -Poll tax: tax to vote -Literacy test -KKK 1876 Election -Hayes: Republican -Tilden Democrat -Tilden wins: ELECTION FRAUD -HAYES TILDEN COMPROMISE!!!! -Hayes becomes President and promises -give money for southern railroads -removes military -ENDS RECONSTRUCTION!!!! Redeemers: Democrats who wanted the South to rise again were elected as governors