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PowerPoint® Clicker Slides CHAPTER 10 The Endocrine System © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following regulates hormone secretion at the highest level of endocrine control? a) b) c) d) anterior lobe of pituitary gland posterior lobe of pituitary gland adrenal medullae hypothalamus © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following regulates hormone secretion at the highest level of endocrine control? a) b) c) d) anterior lobe of pituitary gland posterior lobe of pituitary gland adrenal medullae hypothalamus © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Oxytocin and prolactin are examples of which hormone type? a) b) c) d) amino acid derivatives steroid hormones eicosanoids peptide hormones © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Oxytocin and prolactin are examples of which hormone type? a) b) c) d) amino acid derivatives steroid hormones eicosanoids peptide hormones © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All of the following bind to receptors on a target cell's plasma membrane. Which have receptors on the membrane's inner surface? a) b) c) d) epinephrine norepinephrine eicosanoids peptide hormones © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All of the following bind to receptors on a target cell's plasma membrane. Which have receptors on the membrane's inner surface? a) b) c) d) epinephrine norepinephrine eicosanoids peptide hormones © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones cross the cell membrane before binding to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or mitochondria? a) b) c) d) ADH and oxytocin steroid and thyroid hormones growth hormones and melatonin epinephrine and norepinephrine © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones cross the cell membrane before binding to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or mitochondria? a) b) c) d) ADH and oxytocin steroid and thyroid hormones growth hormones and melatonin epinephrine and norepinephrine © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following are examples of common second messengers? a) b) c) d) cAMP, cGMP, and calcium ions magnesium ions and calcium ions cAMP, chloride ions, and magnesium ions cGMP, cAMP, and chloride ions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following are examples of common second messengers? a) b) c) d) cAMP, cGMP, and calcium ions magnesium ions and calcium ions cAMP, chloride ions, and magnesium ions cGMP, cAMP, and chloride ions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? a) b) c) d) follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone antidiuretic hormone © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? a) b) c) d) follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone antidiuretic hormone © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What pituitary hormone targets the interstitial cells of the testes, resulting in testosterone secretion? a) b) c) d) follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone oxytocin growth hormone © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What pituitary hormone targets the interstitial cells of the testes, resulting in testosterone secretion? a) b) c) d) follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone oxytocin growth hormone © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What thyroid hormone molecule, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, has four atoms of iodine attached? a) b) c) d) triiodothyronine calcitonin thyroxine PTH © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. What thyroid hormone molecule, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, has four atoms of iodine attached? a) b) c) d) triiodothyronine calcitonin thyroxine PTH © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is true when the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal? a) b) c) d) Parafollicular cells release calcitonin. Follicular epithelial cells release T3. C cells release thyroxine. Follicular epithelial cells release T4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is true when the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal? a) b) c) d) Parafollicular cells release calcitonin. Follicular epithelial cells release T3. C cells release thyroxine. Follicular epithelial cells release T4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Why are almost all of the released thyroid hormones unavailable? a) They are quickly metabolized in the bloodstream. b) The amino acid tyrosine is difficult to manufacture in the body. c) The cuboidal epithelia of the follicular cells are often inactive. d) They become attached to plasma proteins in the bloodstream. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Why are almost all of the released thyroid hormones unavailable? a) They are quickly metabolized in the bloodstream. b) The amino acid tyrosine is difficult to manufacture in the body. c) The cuboidal epithelia of the follicular cells are often inactive. d) They become attached to plasma proteins in the bloodstream. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Following epinephrine and norepinephrine release, the metabolic changes peak how long after adrenal stimulation? a) b) c) d) 1 minute 10 minutes 30 seconds 500 milliseconds © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Following epinephrine and norepinephrine release, the metabolic changes peak how long after adrenal stimulation? a) b) c) d) 1 minute 10 minutes 30 seconds 500 milliseconds © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid hormone? a) decreased calcium concentration in body fluids b) increased energy utilization, growth, and development c) increased calcium concentration in body fluids d) release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid hormone? a) decreased calcium concentration in body fluids b) increased energy utilization, growth, and development c) increased calcium concentration in body fluids d) release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Kidneys are the primary target for which of the following hormones? a) b) c) d) mineralocorticoids androgens epinephrine and norepinephrine glucocorticoids © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Kidneys are the primary target for which of the following hormones? a) b) c) d) mineralocorticoids androgens epinephrine and norepinephrine glucocorticoids © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones have antiinflammatory effects? a) b) c) d) epinephrine and norepinephrine glucocorticoids androgens mineralocorticoids © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones have antiinflammatory effects? a) b) c) d) epinephrine and norepinephrine glucocorticoids androgens mineralocorticoids © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Aldosterone secretion occurs in response to which of the following? a) b) c) d) a rise in blood potassium levels an increase in blood sodium content an increase in blood pressure a drop in blood potassium content © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Aldosterone secretion occurs in response to which of the following? a) b) c) d) a rise in blood potassium levels an increase in blood sodium content an increase in blood pressure a drop in blood potassium content © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Soon after a meal, increasing blood glucose levels result in secretion of ________ by ________ cells of the pancreas. a) b) c) d) insulin; beta glucagon; alpha melatonin; beta glucagon; beta © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Soon after a meal, increasing blood glucose levels result in secretion of ________ by ________ cells of the pancreas. a) b) c) d) insulin; beta glucagon; alpha melatonin; beta glucagon; beta © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones may protect CNS neurons from free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? a) b) c) d) melatonin insulin melanin glucagon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones may protect CNS neurons from free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? a) b) c) d) melatonin insulin melanin glucagon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following groups of cells do not have insulin receptors in their plasma membranes? a) epithelial cells of intestine and smooth muscle cells b) neurons and red blood cells c) epithelial cells of kidney tubules and the stratum spinosum of the epidermis d) white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestinal lining © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following groups of cells do not have insulin receptors in their plasma membranes? a) epithelial cells of intestine and smooth muscle cells b) neurons and red blood cells c) epithelial cells of kidney tubules and the stratum spinosum of the epidermis d) white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestinal lining © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Increased synthesis and release of glucose from the liver are a result of the activation of which cells/organs? a) b) c) d) beta cells of the pancreas pineal gland alpha cells of the pancreas C cells of the pancreas © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Increased synthesis and release of glucose from the liver are a result of the activation of which cells/organs? a) b) c) d) beta cells of the pancreas pineal gland alpha cells of the pancreas C cells of the pancreas © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is a result of pancreatic beta cell activation? a) increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver and skeletal muscle b) increased amino acid absorption and protein synthesis c) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue d) decreased rate of glucose utilization and ATP generation © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is a result of pancreatic beta cell activation? a) increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver and skeletal muscle b) increased amino acid absorption and protein synthesis c) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue d) decreased rate of glucose utilization and ATP generation © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormones that produce different but complementary results in a given tissue or organs are said to have ________ effects. a) b) c) d) permissive synergistic antagonistic integrative © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormones that produce different but complementary results in a given tissue or organs are said to have ________ effects. a) b) c) d) permissive synergistic antagonistic integrative © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones of which phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? a) b) c) d) exhaustion phase stress phase resistance phase alarm phase © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones of which phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? a) b) c) d) exhaustion phase stress phase resistance phase alarm phase © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. In elderly individuals, which of the following hormones are secreted in less quantity after a carbohydrate-rich meal? a) b) c) d) glucagon and growth hormone growth hormone and insulin glucagon and mineralocorticoids prolactin and insulin © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. In elderly individuals, which of the following hormones are secreted in less quantity after a carbohydrate-rich meal? a) b) c) d) glucagon and growth hormone growth hormone and insulin glucagon and mineralocorticoids prolactin and insulin © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the kidneys? a) b) c) d) aldosterone calcitriol renin erythropoietin © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the kidneys? a) b) c) d) aldosterone calcitriol renin erythropoietin © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. A 47-year-old patient develops a tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, causing hypersecretion of ACTH. If not treated, what disorder is most likely to result? a) b) c) d) acromegaly cretinism Cushing's disease gigantism © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. A 47-year-old patient develops a tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, causing hypersecretion of ACTH. If not treated, what disorder is most likely to result? a) b) c) d) acromegaly cretinism Cushing's disease gigantism © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The blood of a person who has not eaten for 12 hours will likely contain a) relatively high levels of both insulin and glucagon. b) relatively low levels of both insulin and glucagon. c) a relatively low level of insulin but a relatively high level of glucagon. d) a relatively high level of insulin but a relatively low level of glucagon. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The blood of a person who has not eaten for 12 hours will likely contain a) relatively high levels of both insulin and glucagon. b) relatively low levels of both insulin and glucagon. c) a relatively low level of insulin but a relatively high level of glucagon. d) a relatively high level of insulin but a relatively low level of glucagon. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Cell that are sensitive to the presence of hormones and respond accordingly are called a) b) c) d) e) exocrine cells first messengers target cells second messengers G-proteins 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormones from the ________ control the activity of the anterior pituitary. a) b) c) d) e) brain stem hypothalamus cerebellum thyroid thalamus 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The hormone leptin is secreted by a) b) c) d) e) pancreas kidneys adipose tissue hypothalamus anterior pituitary 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the production of hormones in the anterior pituitary are called a) b) c) d) e) permissive hormones. synergistic hormones. distribution hormones. inhibitory hormones. releasing hormones. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the a) b) c) d) e) thyroid gland. pancreas. suprarenal glands. hypothalamus. thymus. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All hormones are a) b) c) d) e) steroids. cholesterol based. proteins. inorganic compounds. chemical messengers. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by a) b) c) d) e) positive feedback. the quantity of circulating hormone. negative feedback. demands. body temperature. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? a) b) c) d) e) growth hormone follicle-stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone insulin thyroxine 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The posterior pituitary gland secretes a) b) c) d) e) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). oxytocin (OT). melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The anterior pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids secreted from the adrenal cortex a) b) c) d) e) TSH. ACTH. FSH. LH. MSH. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The anterior pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is a) b) c) d) e) TSH. ACTH. MSH. LH. GH. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates melanocyte activity during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? a) b) c) d) e) MSH TSH ACTH LH PRL 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Another name for vasopressin a) b) c) d) e) cortisol. parathyroid hormone. thymosin. growth hormone. antidiuretic hormone. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as a) b) c) d) polyphagia. polydipsia. polyuria. polymyositis. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary? a) b) c) d) e) ACTH TSH GH ADH MSH 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. is involved in milk production and uterine contractions during labor and delivery a) b) c) d) e) FSH LH OXT ACTH CRH 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? a) b) c) d) e) pituitary gland hypothalamus gland parathyroid gland thyroid gland thymus 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. T4 and T3 is a hormone secreted by the a) b) c) d) e) f) pituitary gland hypothalamus gland parathyroid gland thyroid gland thymus 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormones produced by the ____ are derived from molecules to which iodine atoms have been attached. a) b) c) d) e) thymus thyroid gland pancreas parathyroid glands adrenal glands 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Normal production of hormones from which gland establishes the rate of metabolism by increasing the rate of ATP production in the mitochondria? a) b) c) d) e) pineal kidney thymus thyroid parathyroid 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Corticosteroids are produce by a) b) c) d) e) Pineal gland. thyroid. adrenal cortex . parathyroid. pituitary. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. epinephrine (adrenaline) are produced by a) b) c) d) e) Pineal gland. Adrenal medulla. adrenal cortex . parathyroid. pituitary. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. One adrenal hormone that affects electrolyte balance in body fluids is a) b) c) d) e) thymosin. mineralocorticoids noradrenaline epinephrine. gonadotropin. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following are sex hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex? a) b) c) d) e) androgens prostaglandins glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids ADH 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Melatonin is the hormone produced by a) b) c) d) e) anterior pituitary thyroid pineal gland thymus posterior pituitary 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Glucagon is produced by a) b) c) d) Alpha cells Beta cells Complex cells Elmer cells 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. When the BGL increase the pancreatic hormone is released? a) b) c) d) e) growth hormone cortisol insulin glucagon erythropoietin 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. When blood glucose levels fall, a) b) c) d) insulin is released. glucagon is released. insulin and glucagon are released. protein synthesis decreases. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Inhibin is produced by a) b) c) d) e) Testes Ovaries Uterus Kidney A and B 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Testosterone is produced by a) a) b) c) d) e) Testes Ovaries Uterus Kidney A and B 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by a) b) c) d) e) growth hormone. thyroid hormone. testosterone. mineralocorticoids. progesterone. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues, stimulating the production of red blood cells, is a) b) c) d) e) angiotensin. cortisol. erythropoietin. renin. epinephrine. 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which hormone's secreted from cells in the right atrium of the heart promotes the loss of sodium ions and inhibits renin release, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and blood volume? a) b) c) d) e) erythropoietin aldosterone thymosin glucagon atrial natriuretic peptide 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Which hormone(s) play(s) a key role in the development and maintenance of normal immune defenses? a) b) c) d) e) gonadotropins estrogens androgens leptin thymosins 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID B a) b) c) d) e) Gonads Pineal gland Kidneys Pituitary gland Thyroid gland 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID c a) b) c) d) e) Gonads Pineal gland Kidneys Pituitary gland Thyroid gland 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID d a) Thyroid gland b) Pancreas or Pancreatic islets c) Adrenal glands d) Thymus 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID e a) b) c) d) Thyroid gland Pancreas or Pancreatic islets Adrenal glands Thymus 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID f a) b) c) d) e) Gonads Pineal gland Kidneys Pituitary gland Thyroid gland 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID i a) Pituitary gland b) Thyroid gland c) Pancreas or Pancreatic islets d) Adrenal glands e) Thymus 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID L a) b) c) d) e) Gonads Pineal gland Kidneys Pituitary gland Thyroid gland 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ID M a) b) c) d) e) Gonads Pineal gland Kidneys Pituitary gland Thyroid gland 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. a) 10 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.