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Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, & ATP Energy • Where do plants get their energy from? – The sun • During which process? – Photosynthesis • Where do animals get their energy from? – Food Energy • Why do we need energy? – To move, run, eat, sleep, metabolize Cells and energy • Cells need energy. Why? – To move molecules during transport – Cell division – Move proteins – Move cilia and flagella – TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS!!!! Cells and energy • What do cells use for energy? – Adenosine Triphosphate (yes you need to know this word) ATP • How is ATP made? – Adenosine + 1 phosphate = AMP • Adenosine + 2 phosphates = ADP – Adenosine + 3 phosphates = ATP – Which has the most energy? ATP ATP • How does a cell get to the energy in ATP? – The bond between the second and third phosphate is broken and energy is released *Can be recycled in the cell!!! Photosynthesis • The process which plants make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. • Photosynthesis is broken into two stages. Photosynthesis Materials • Sunlight is trapped by the pigment chlorophyll in the chloroplast • Water is taken in by the roots • Carbon dioxide is taken in by the stomata on the underside of the leaves. Photosynthesis Products • Oxygen is breathed out by the plants through the stomata • Glucose is stored in the plant and only obtained by eating the plant. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells. • Chlorophyll in the chloroplast make the plants green because they don’t absorb the green light. Photosynthesis Light Factors that affect Photosynthesis • • • • • Amount of water Light intensity Temperature pH Amount of CO2 Cellular Respiration • Aerobic = oxygen • The process in which cells turn glucose into energy for running cellular activities. • Cells need glucose and oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. • Cellular respiration equation Cellular Respiration Results • A total 36 ATPs are produced during the two parts of of respiration Photosynthesis & Respiration • They complement each other as each ones products are the materials are needed for the other. Anaerobic Respiration or Fermentation • Anaerobic=without oxygen • Fermentation takes place when oxygen is available and energy is needed. • Two types of fermentation – Alcoholic—energy, alcohol and carbon dioxide are the products – Lactic Acid—energy and lactic acid are the products (2 ATPs produced) Occurs in humans when need more energy than oxygen breathed in. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeast is used in alcoholic fermentation. Energy is produced without oxygen. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Lactic Acid occurs when you exercise strenuously and are unable to breathe in enough oxygen. • Lactic acid causes the muscles to hurt.