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Anatomy Unit 4: Cell Theory & Cellular Structures Cell Theory • Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that: 1. All living things are comprised of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. 3. Cells come from previously existing cells. Typical Cell Cell Organization Cell Organization • The cell includes two basic parts: 1. Cell Membrane (outer covering of cell) 2. Cytoplasm • Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) • Organelles (cell “organs” or Cell Membrane • • • • Outer boundary Physical Chemical Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) – Outer and inner layers • Proteins • Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function Cell Membrane Function of Membrane Proteins 1. 2. 3. 4. Transport (in and out of cell) Receptors Cell adhesion Cell recognition Cytoplasm • Is comprised of: 1. Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm) 2. Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts) Organelles • Components of a cell Mitochondria • Bean shaped • Outer and inner membranes Mitochondria • Inner membrane folded into cristae • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced on cristae. • ATP is high energy compound. • ATP only produced in mitochondria. Nucleus Nucleus • • • • Control center of cell Contains DNA/chromosomes Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell. • Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus. • Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei. Vacuole • Is in both plant and animal cells • Is much larger in plant cells- controls water Plant Cells • Plant cells contain all of the organelles previously discussed. • They do have two organelles that are different than an animal cell. Chloroplast • Contains the chlorophyll (green pigment in plants) • Remember photosynthesis??? Cell Wall • Gives plant cells structure