Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Fungi & Lichens CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI • Cell wall made of chitin (remember that’s a polysaccharide like in insect exoskeletons) • Some unicellular – like yeast • Some multicellular – like mushrooms and molds Most fungi are made up of hyphae. A mass of hyphae is a mycelium Mushroom B o d y P a r t s CAP Contains GILLS (Where spores are made) ANNULUS STIPE MYCELIUM Vegetative body of the organism M M uu ss hh rr oo oo m m SPORES CAP REPRODUCTIVE LL ii ff ee BODY SPORE GERMINATION C C yy cc ll ee MYCELIUM Fungi Spore Sacs Spores are the reproductive cells of fungi YEAST • Contain cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus,large vacuole,and membrane-bound organelles. • Reproduce asexually by budding. • Used to make bread rise and produce alcohol. All Fungi are Heterotrophs (can’t make their own food) • Give off digestive enzymes from hyphae • Absorb nutrients after they have been broken down into smaller nutrients. Many Fungi are Saprophytes (Live Off of Dead Bodies) • • • • Decomposers. Get nutrients from dead organisms. Compete with us for food. When your leftovers get moldy, the fungi are just doing their job – decaying already dead food matter. Some Fungi need living hosts • Parasites – Athlete’s foot – Corn smut • Mutualistic partners – Both benefit • Predators – Trap and kill prey Common Bread Mold SPORANGIUM STOLON SPORES SPORANGIOPHORE RHIZOIDS SOME FUNGI REPRODUCE SEXUALLY • Two hyphae fuse (+) and (-) • Form a zygospore • This will grow into a sporangium which then releases spores. FUNGI ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO HOW THEY MAKE THEIR SPORES • club fungi – mushrooms and puffballs – Produce spores in clubs within gills • Sac fungi – produce spores in little sacs – Includes yeasts, powdery mildews, fungi in most lichens, and morels • Imperfect fungi – Reproduce only asexually – Includes athlete’s foot and ringworm Effects of Fungi in the Biosphere • Decomposition – recycle nutrients • Often have symbiotic relationships with other organisms - Lichens • Provide plant roots with needed nutrients – helps plant absorb more water and nutrients while allowing the plant to grow better in poor soils. Meanwhile, the fungus uses some of the food made by the plant in photosynthesis Some produce plant diseases • Rusts and smuts • Rose mildew Foods • We eat some of them raw and cooked…….. • Yeasts • Flavor cheeses……….. Antibiotics • Penicillin from Penicillium notatum LARGE ZONE OF INHIBITION AROUND THE FUNGUS THE END