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Plant and
Animal Cells
SNC2D
The Cell – The Unit of Life
• The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all
known living organisms.
• Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting
of a single cell; including most bacteria) or
multicellular (including plants and animals).
• Humans contain about 10 trillion cells.
• Most plant and animal cells are between 1 and 100 µm
and therefore are visible only under the microscope.
The Cell Theory
The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. The
cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob
Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that:
1.All living organisms are
composed of one or more
cells.
2.Cells are the basic units
of structure and function
in all organisms.
3.All cells come from
previously existing cells.
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
• Prokaryote
A cell that does not contain a
nucleus or other membrane
bound organelles
o E.g. Bacteria
o
• Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus
and other organelles, each
surrounded by a membrane
o E.g. Animal or plant cell
o
Bacteria (Prokaryote)
Plant Cell (Eukaryote)
Animal Cell (Eukaryote)
Structure & Function
• The function of the organelles is very closely related to its
structure.
o For example, the golgi bodies look like a stack of flattened pancakes
(this is their structure). This is because they are hollow sacs, where
proteins can be placed.
• Activity: Pairs
o Select 3 organelles from your table and answer the question:
How does its structure allow it to carry out its function?
• The relationship between structure and function is an
important one in this unit. Be sure to consider both when
responding to a question.
Thinking Questions
• How can our understanding of cells and organelles help us fight
health conditions and develop strategies to lead healthier lifestyles?
• Can you think of any medical advances that would require enhanced
knowledge of cells and their organelles?
Credits
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SEM_blood_cells.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lactose_non_lactose_fermenters_on_CLED_agar.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Normal_Epidermis_and_Dermis_with_Intradermal_Ne
vus_10x-cropped.JPG
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plant_cell_structure_svg.svg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Animal_cell_structure_en.svg