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Unit Six
A.D. 1046 - 1305
Unit Six: Lesson One
Objective: To explore the cause of
the Schism of 1054 and the
Gregorian Reform
Schism of 1054

Schism = Break

In the beginning of the 11th century the Church in the
Western part of Europe and the Church in the Eastern
part of Europe began to argue

The Authority of the Pope

Celibacy of priests
Schism of 1054

In 1054 these disagreements caused a split in the
Church that remains today.

The Western Church is known as the Roman
Catholic Church

The Eastern Church is known as the Eastern
Orthodox Church

Both Churches share the same basic creed, moral
code, liturgical tradition, and sacramental practices.
A Need for Reform

In 1046 German emperor Henry III was visiting Rome
and became very angry.

Three bishops claimed to be Pope at the same time

Each one was backed by a different family of Roman
nobles who wanted the power and wealth that came
with begin Pope.

Henry III dismissed all three bishops and appointed a
German born Pope.
8th Grade Religion
A Need for Reform

German Pope Leo IX (1048 - 1054) began a reform
movement that had a lasting affect on the Church.

Reform movement reached a climax under Pope
Gregory VII (1073-1085)

We call this reform the Gregorian Reform.

The Gregorian Reform was supported by thousands
of clergy and laity
8th Grade Religion
Pope Gregory VII
8th Grade Religion
A Need for Reform

First problem that needed to be solved was the practice of
laypeople appointing priests, bishops and Popes.

Reformers called this practice lay investiture.

Gregorian Reform lasted almost 70 years.

In 1122 Pope Callistus II and Emperor Henry VI signed the
Concordat of Worms

This treaty guaranteed the right of the Church to choose its own
leaders
8th Grade Religion
A Need for Reform

Under Gregorian Reform priests were no longer allow to marry.

Those priests who were already married had to leave their
wives.
8th Grade Religion
Thomas Beckett

Gregorian Reform caused conflict between the clergy and
secular Kings of Europe.

An example of this conflict is seen in England in 1170.

King Henry II appointed his friend Thomas Beckett Archbishop
of Canterbury.

Thomas became a great champion of the poor and upset Henry
with his sermons

Four knights murdered Beckett on the alter of his church on
January 29th 1170.
8th Grade Religion
Unit Six: Lesson 2
Objective: To explore how the Crusades
failed to achieve their objectives.
8th Grade Religion
Christianity: The Second One
Thousand Years
DVD 2
Crusades
The Fall of Constantinople
8th Grade Religion
Innocent III

After the Gregorian Reform the Church and Pope
became highly respected

People looked to the Pope for moral and spiritual
guidance

Canon Law is the name we give to the laws of the
Church
8th Grade Religion
The Crusades

Pope Innocent III had a dream of recapturing the Holy Land from
the Muslims.

From 1094 to 1204 the Crusades, Holy Wars to win the Holy
Land were undertaken.
8th Grade Religion
The Crusades
8th Grade Religion
The Crusades

First Crusade began in 1095 when Pope Urban II issued a
public appeal to the nobles and Knights of Europe to liberate the
Holy Land.

The crusade was a disaster from the beginning when untrained
soldiers massacred Jews.

They did capture Jerusalem from the Muslims in 1099.

50 years later the Muslims recaptured Jerusalem
8th Grade Religion
The Crusades

This sparked the Second and Third Crusades to try to win back
Jerusalem. The crusades were a failure.

In 1204 the Fourth Crusade was organized by Pope Innocent III.

This Crusade was a disgrace. Instead of attacking Muslims in
Jerusalem the crusaders turned against Christians in
Constantinople.

Today we realize that the Crusades were an embarrassment to
the Catholic Church because we know the gospel should never
be spread through violence.
8th Grade Religion
Hagia Sofia
8th Grade Religion
Unit Six: Lesson 3
Objective: To explore how the friars
improved the Church.
8th Grade Religion
Christianity: The Second One
Thousand Years
DVD 2
St. Dominic
Birth of Spain
8th Grade Religion
The Culture of Christendom

Christianity is the religion of the followers of Jesus
Christ

Christendom refers to the cultural world that came
into existence during the High Middle Ages in
Europe.

This was a period where nearly everyone was
Catholic and Catholicism influenced every aspect of
life.
8th Grade Religion
Threats from Within

Church fought against anyone who taught false
truths. They were called heretics and their teachings
were known as heresy.

Sometimes even those who criticized the Church in a
faithful way were called heretics.

Fear of heresy led to what has been called the
Inquisition.
8th Grade Religion
Threats from Within

The Inquisition began in 1231 and was a official
Catholic court that was charged with investigating
and punishing heretics.

Sometimes the punishment was prison, fines, torture
and even death.

Its hard to imagine that the Catholic Church in the
name of the gospels burned people alive.
8th Grade Religion
The Coming of the Friars

There were people who wanted to return the Church to the true
gospel message

At this time many people were moving from the country into
cities. This led to the creation of the Urban Poor.

No help for this group of people existed. To fill this need a new
kind of religious order was created called the friars.

Two of the first friars were St. Francis of Assisi and Saint
Dominic.
8th Grade Religion
The Coming of the Friars

St. Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) began the Franciscans

St. Dominic (1170-1221) began the Dominicans

St. Claire (1194-1253)
8th Grade Religion
In Class Assignment
Visit Assumption Church to view the various
types of Stained Glass windows.
8th Grade Religion
Unit Six: Lesson 4
Objective: To appreciate the various
expressions of faith in the High Middle
Ages.
8th Grade Religion
Expressions of Faith

Soon other orders of friars began like the Carmelites
and the Augustinians.

These orders were known as mendicant or begging
orders because they helped the needy through
donations

The friars affected the lives of Catholics by bringing
the Church closer to the people. They introduced the
Rosary, Stations of the Cross and the Christmas
Creche.
8th Grade Religion
Gothic Architecture

The most lasting physical monuments to
Christendom are the cathedrals and churches built in
the Gothic style

Gothic architecture became popular in 1150.

Churches were very plain but Gothic churches
soared up toward heaven with beautiful stained glass
windows.

Called “the Bible of the Poor.”
8th Grade Religion
Example of an Early Church
8th Grade Religion
Example of a Gothic Church
8th Grade Religion
Rose Window
8th Grade Religion
Rose Window
8th Grade Religion
Education and Learning

By the 12th century universities were being created
and run by the monks and friars.

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) is the best know of the
medieval scholars.

A Dominican friar who studied all faith and religions

“truth cannot contradict truth”
8th Grade Religion