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Chemistry - Unit 1 Matter, Properties and Changes Objectives : Identify the characteristics of a substance Distinguish between physical and chemical properties. Differentiate among the physical states of matter. Matter = Anything that has mass and takes up space. can be visible (solids or liquids) or not visible (gases) Chemistry - Unit 1 Matter, Properties and Changes Table Salt = unique and unchanging composition. also known as (aka) sodium chloride ALWAYS 100% sodium chloride OR taken from the seas taken from mines Chemistry - Unit 1 Matter, Properties and Changes like salt, matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition is called a SUBSTANCE or PURE SUBSTANCE Another example is PURE WATER. Pure water is always composed of 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen. Are tap water and sea/ocean water substances? NO, because taken from different places, they will include different amounts of minerals, water, and dissolved substances. Chemistry - Unit 1 Matter, Properties and Changes States of Matter How many are there? 7 What are they? solid, liquid, gas, Ionized Plasma, Quark-gluon plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate, fermionic condensate Chemistry - Unit 1 Matter, Properties and Changes States of Matter Solids - a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume - might not conform to the shape of a container it is in - is not compressible, you cannot squeeze it into a smaller volume * is NOT defined by its hardness (pavement and wax are both solids) Name several examples of solids, some hard and some soft... Chemistry - Unit 1 Matter, Properties and Changes States of Matter LIQUIDS - form of matter that flows - has constant volume, particles tightly packed and are virtually incompressible - takes the shape of its container, but might not fill the container - tend to expand when heated List several examples of liquids ... Chemistry - Unit 1 Matter, Properties and Changes Gases States of Matter - flows to conform to the shape of the container - fills the entire container if it is closed - often confused with the term VAPOR - Gases exist as a gas at room temperature and normal pressure. - Vapors can be liquefied with small changes in pressure or temperature. (ex. water vapor will condense during the night due to a drop in temperature, while oxygen gases do not) List a few vapors and a few gases.