Download Management plan Barents Sea

Monitoring system under the
Norwegian management plans
for the Barents Sea and
Norwegian Sea.
Knut Sunnanå
EMODNET
Seventh meeting of Marine Observation and
Data Expert Group, Nov 25, 2009
Ecological Quality Objectives
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•
•
•
•
•
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Extensive reports on the Ecosystem
Understanding functioning of ecosystems
Assessment processes
Selection of indicators
Simplification
State, pressure and effect signals
Management rules
Main impacts up to 2020
•
Petroleum industry: its expansion will be the main change
in human activity in this period. Possible impacts from oil
spills and risks related to rising transport volumes.
•
Fisheries: management is currently based on the
precautionary approach. IUU fishing and insufficient control
may have serious impacts on resources, environment, trade
and local communities
•
Long-range transport of pollutants: the situation in 2020
is likely to be unchanged from 2006. Inputs of "old"
hazardous substances are expected to decrease, but they
are already dispersed and degradation is slow. Inputs of
"new" hazardous substances are expected to increase.
•
Introduction of alien species: this is a serious threat,
which will increases as tanker traffic increases. May result in
substantial changes in ecosystems.
•
The greatest long-term challange is climate change.
Management plan
• Report to the Parliament
• Management of
– Activities
– Environment
– Ecosystem functionality
• Monitoring system
• Goals and actions
– Law enforcement is separate
• Reporting system
-5 ° 0 ° 5 °
15 °
25 °
35 °
45 °
55 °
65 °
75 ° 85 °
81 ° 80 °
-15 °
Greenland
• Organisation:
– Management forum (NP)
– Advisory group on monitoring (IMR)
– Forum on environmental risk
management (CA)
60 °
-15 °
55 °
50 ° 76 °
76 °
Ice-edge
Polar front
-5 °
Bear Island
65 km zone
71 ° 45 °
– Identification of valuable ares
– Area based framework for oil and
gas aktivity
– Indicator based monitoring
– EcoQO’s for all ecosystem
components
Spitzbergen
71 °
• Developed 2002 – 2006
• Established 2006
• Important themes:
-20 °
Franz Josef Land
65 °
-75 ° -50 ° -35 ° -25 °
-30 ° -40 ° -65 °
Management plan
Barents Sea
Tromsøflaket
bank area
Norway
Lofoten Vesterålen
5°
10 °
te
fo
Lo
n
Russia
Olsen et al. 2007, ICES JMS,
15 °
20 °
Management plan area
Shipping routes
Ecologically valuable areas
Disputed area
Oil/gas discoveries
25 °
30 °
35 °
High intensity fishing
Framework for petroleum industry
No petroleum activity
No new petroleum activities
No drilling, March - September
40 °
Management Plan for
The Norwegian Sea
PARTICULAR
VALUABLE
AREAS
Important for
biological
production
Important for
biodivesity
Based, among others, on:
-Coexistence of oil-fish in the
Norwegian and North Seas
-Marine protected areas
-Identification of particular
valuable areas in the Lofoten –
Barents Sea area
Management plan for The North Sea
New actions – coordination of
monitoring
To be done through
”Advisory group on
monitoring of sea areas”
– Broad membership from
relevant public institutions
– Coordinate the
implementation of the
monitoring system
– Systematise and interpret
the results based on the
indicators, reference values
and action thresholds to be
used in the system
–
▶ Research and advisory programmes for the ecosystems
Establish knowledge as a basis for the
management of the marine resources and
environment in:
• The Barents Sea
• The Norwegian Sea
• The North Sea
• The coastal zone
▶ The research vessels
G.O. SARS
BUILT: 2003
4067 GRT.
L.o.a: 77,5 M
Our most important tools for collecting data
on the ecosystem
JOHAN HJORT
BUILT: 1990
1828 GRT.
L.o.a: 64,4 M
CRUISE ACTIVITY
Vessel
Days at Sea
G.O. Sars
312
Johan Hjort
303
Håkon Mosby
314
G.M. Dannevig
178
Dr. Fridtjof Nansen
324
Hans Brattström
200
Fangst
188
Jan Mayen
Chartered vessels
Total
G.M. DANNEVIG
BUILT: 1979
171 BGRT.
L.o.a: 27,9 M
HÅKON MOSBY
BUILT: 1980
701 GRT., L.o.a: 47,2 M
79
828
2459
DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN
BUILT: 1993
1444 GRT.
L.o.a: 56,8 M
OWNER: NORAD
Ecological quality indicators
EcoQO (Indicators, reference value and
limits of action)
– Ocean climate (3/2)
– Ice edge (1/0)
– Plant plankton (3/2)
– Zoo plankton (2/3)
– Fish stocks – non commercial (2/0)
– Fish stocks – commercial (3/5)
– Benthic organisms (3/1)
– Sea birds and marine mammals (5/3-6)
– Alien species (1/1)
– Vulnerable / threatened species (1/1)
– Pollution (4/17)
Operational monitoring
• Map the extent of monitoring
– Geographic - including vulnerable and valuable areas
– Time - between and through years (time series)
• Establish a system of evaluation of relevance and
importance of existing monitoring
– Relevance for management
– Importance for quality of research
– Consequences for health, environment and safety
• Establish a common understanding of “Ecosystem
based management” between institutions
• Establish a system where institutions cooperate on
monitoring planning
• ”Loan” of competent personnel in monitoring
• Arrange open conferences to ensure evaluation and
feedback
Reports
• Different types of reports
– Status reports to the public
– Status reports to the government
– Assessment reports
– Survey and field work reports
– Internal / technical reports
• Reporting systems
– Internet / document portals
– Scientific publications
The Malawi Principles for the Ecosystem Approach
(CBD)
Five-point scale used to indicate level of impact
Climate and acidification of the sea
pH and carbonate concentration (global mean values) in surface ocean
waters between 1800 and 2100. The values for 1800 are to close to those
for pre-industrial conditions. Projected values are based on continued
greenhouse gas emissions. The dotted lines show the projected levels in
2025
Climate change
The temperature in the Barents Sea
The sea ice is melting
Conflict of interests
• Fishing, petroleum
and shipping activities
overlap in a corridor
outside the territorial
waters. Especially in:
– Lofoten islands
– Tromsø-bank
– Coast of Finnmark
• Less conflict potential
offshore
• Conflict with valuable
areas
Knowledge development
• “DG Ocean”…?
• Social science in management
• Sector based research institutes
– Cross sector activities
• Universities / academia
• Project themes
– Valuable and vulnerable areas
– Baseline studies
– Long time series
Scientific basis and knowledge gaps
• There is a sound scientific basis for
the management plan, but gaps in our
knowledge have been identified and
the following priority tasks identified:
– Mapping of the bottom habitat
– Studies of ecological interactions
between species and components of
the ecosystem (energy flow)
– Studies of effects of pollutants
• Measures to be introduced:
– A better coordinated environmental
monitoring system, to monitor the
state of the ecosystem and
environmental trends (indicators,
reference values, action thresholds)
– Expansion of research activity and
surveys
– Steps to fill gaps in our knowledge:
activities under the Research Council
of Norway
Seismic noise
Range 7000 m
Oil droplets in water reduces
feeding in cod larvae
High concentration of oil droplets
Control group (not exposed)
Empty stomach
Food in stomach
Mortality rate used in risk analysis does not
account for long term effects related to larval
survival to adult fish.
Integrate all types of monitoring
•Vision: i-Nord/Barentswatch
shall become an international
recognized and
comprehensive dynamic
surveillance system of the
Arctic and Barents Sea
related to safety, security,
resources and environmental
issues of the entire water
column, sea ice-cover and
lower atmosphere in a short
and long term perspective.