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Historians • What do they do? • Reconstruct (Remake) the past • Why study history? • History serves as a bank of examples for contemplating present problems. • What tools do they use? Think like a Historian, Look for: • bias • evidence • argument • sources • Context of the period the document was written “Just the Facts”? • Historical facts by themselves are meaningless. • Historical facts are only important when we give them meaning. Shannon Leggett 2008 TOK syllabus & History: 4 strands I. II. III. IV. Nature of History Methods of Gaining Knowledge History and Knowledge Claims History and Values Nature of History • What is the significance of Carlyle’s view that “The history of the world is but the biography of great men?’” • “Great man,” Socrates, Napoleon, Bismarck, Lincoln, Stalin, Mao, Hitler • Time magazine’s recent response in their “Person of the Year” issue Nature of History Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. George Orwell Shannon Leggett 2008 Methods of Gaining Knowledge How far can we speak with certainty about anything in the past?” Methods of Gaining Knowledge “How does the context within which historians live affect historical knowledge?” Shannon Leggett 2008 History and Values Are the lives of some groups of people more historically significant than the lives of others? History and Values Should value-laden terms, such as hero or freedom, always be avoided? Can history be used for propaganda? If so, how?” Shannon Leggett 2008 History and Values Shannon Leggett 2008 History and Knowledge Claims Can history provide a guide to understanding current affairs?