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9/17/2015 1 Warm Up: Write in complete sentences. In bullet format, write down anything that you already know about ancient Greece; geography, religion, politics, wars and people. Write down any information that you would like to know about ancient Greece, in bullet form as well. 2 Classical Greece 2000 BCE-300 BCE Chapter 5 3 Geography Shapes Greek Life Geography Land Sea Climate 4 Minoans Crete Stepping stone Seafaring Traders Pottery Vessels of precious metals Art and culture 5 Mycenaean Civilization Indo Europeans Mainland Greeks Mycenae Warrior-Kings Contact with Minoans Influence Trade 6 Troy The Trojan War Agamemnon Paris and Helen The Trojan Horse 7 The Dark Ages of Greece War torn country-side Dorians 1150-750BCE Advancement stand still Ceased Trade Lack of written records 8 Storytelling Time Homer 1 War torn country-side Dorians 1150-750BCE Advancement stand still Ceased Trade Lack of written records 8 9/17/2015 Storytelling Time Homer Arete Myths 9 Greek Gods and Goddesses 10 Greek Gods and Goddesses 11 Greek City-States Polis-a City-State 50-500 square miles Usually less than 10,000 Acropolis-discuss city government 12 Warm Up: In Complete Sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 13 How much of Greece is cover by mountains? What did this prevent Greeks from doing? Who were the mainland Greeks? How did the Mycenaean’s defeat Troy? Who was in charge during the “Dark Ages”? Why was that period of time called the “Dark Ages”? Who told/wrote epic poems about heroism? What was the name of at least one of these poems? Who is the god or goddess of the underworld? Who is the god or goddess of wisdom? Governments in the City-State Political Structures Monarchy Ruled by a king Aristocracy Ruled by Noble land owning families Oligarchy Ruled by a few wealthy/powerful land owners Tyranny One tyrant controls it all 14 Democracy for all! Well sort of... Emerging democracy in Athens Draco-developed legal code, all Athenians were equal under the law Solon-outlawed debt slavery Only free adult male property owners were citizens Women, slaves and foreigners were excluded and had few rights Men 2 One tyrant controls it all 14 Democracy for all! Well sort of... 9/17/2015 Emerging democracy in Athens Draco-developed legal code, all Athenians were equal under the law Solon-outlawed debt slavery Only free adult male property owners were citizens Women, slaves and foreigners were excluded and had few rights Men Actively political Educated Weak military Women Household duties 15 I am Sparta! Sparta come first Duty, strength, and discipline Discouraged artistic and intellectual pursuits Men Tough, Obedient, and Resourceful Women Some military training Run family estates 16 New Kind of Armies Emerge Dorian Age-only rich could afford the bronze weapons Iron-ordinary citizens could now arm and defend Phalanx-most fearsome fighting force Hoplites-foot soldiers 17 Persian Wars Ionian Greeks Revolt Athens aides Battle of Marathon Pheidippidies Thermopylae and Xerxes 300 Spartans-dead Victory at Sea-Persian warships to large 18 Results of the Persian War Delian League-alliance of city-states Ended threat Feelings of confidence and freedom Bye-bye Sparta Athens becomes the leader of the city-states 19 Golden Age of Greece 477 BCE-431 BCE The Age of Pericles (Golden Age of Greece/Athens) Pericles Skillful politician/speaker and general 3 Feelings of confidence and freedom Bye-bye Sparta Athens becomes the leader of the city-states 19 9/17/2015 Golden Age of Greece 477 BCE-431 BCE The Age of Pericles (Golden Age of Greece/Athens) Pericles Skillful politician/speaker and general Held popularity for 32 years Honest and Fair Three Goals Strengthen the Athens democracy Strengthen the Empire Glorify Athens 20 Warm up: Short Answer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 21 What is a polis? What are the four types of political structures in Greece? What type of political structure did Sparta have? Who was a citizen in Athens? Did Athens have a limited democracy or a direct democracy? Explain why. Describe what a phalanx is. What were Pericles’ three goals? Strengthen Democracy Democracy Ruled by the people Citizens vote Paid salaries for public officials/poorest citizen could vote Athens was the most democratic in history Demos: People Kratos: Power Three Branches Assembly-Legislative Generals-Executive Magistrates-Judicial 22 Greek Model=American Model 23 Athenian Empire Delian League Push out Persia Collected taxes Created the strongest navy in the Mediterranean More protection for empire Trade-need more grain and other resources 24 Glorification of Athens Purchased gold, ivory and marble Artisans/Architects Parthenon Phidias 4 Collected taxes Created the strongest navy in the Mediterranean More protection for empire Trade-need more grain and other resources 24 9/17/2015 Glorification of Athens Purchased gold, ivory and marble Artisans/Architects Parthenon Phidias Use of columns Honor Athena 30ft tall Athena (gold and ivory) Housed Greek Art 25 Peloponnesian War Sparta vs. Athens Athens is an empire Spartans view as hostile Sparta declares war Strong army vs strong navy Sparta gains the edge Plague kills about 1/3 of Athenians (even Pericles) Athens now crippled Sicily (Spartan ally) Athens defeated 29 yrs of war 26 Times for a Change Consequences of War Weakened city-states Loss of faith Values?? Philosophers: “Lovers of Wisdom Universe put together orderly/absolute unchanging laws Logic and Reason Socrates, Plato and Aristotle 27 Warm Up: Short Answer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 28 Define cultural diffusion. Define democracy (Think Greek terms). What were the three branches of government, and compare them to the United States branches. How did Pericles strengthen Athenian democracy? How did Pericles strengthen the Athenian Empire? How did Pericles glorify Athens? Where did Pericles get all of the money for this? Dawning of Philosophy Socrates Question yourself and your moral character Analytical thinking (question and answer) “There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.” 5 5. 6. 7. 28 How did Pericles strengthen the Athenian Empire? How did Pericles glorify Athens? Where did Pericles get all of the money for this? 9/17/2015 Dawning of Philosophy Socrates Question yourself and your moral character Analytical thinking (question and answer) “There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.” Plato Socrates student Founded the Academy Aristotle Ultimate authority on issues 29 A New Empire Macedonia King seeks more land Phillip II Killed by former guardsman Alexander: Student of Aristotle Alexander the Great Antigonus (Greece/Macedon) Ptolemy (Egypt) Seleucus (Turkey-India) Empire Falls Hellenistic Culture Blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian cultures 30 Hellenistic Culture Trade and Cultural diversity • Cultural Diffusion • Common language spoken throughout empire • Alexandria center of trade and commerce • Attractions • Statues • Royal Palaces • Alexander's coffin • Library and museum • Botanical gardens • Art galleries • Zoo • 31 Science and Technology Aristarchus-astronomer • Sun is 300 times larger than the Earth • Planets revolve around the Sun • Eratosthenes-director at Alexandria Library • Estimated circumference of Earth at 28,000-29,000 miles • Actual 24,860 miles • Pythagoras-mathematician • Pythagorean Theorem • Archimedes-mathematician • 6 Aristarchus-astronomer • Sun is 300 times larger than the Earth • Planets revolve around the Sun • Eratosthenes-director at Alexandria Library • Estimated circumference of Earth at 28,000-29,000 miles • Actual 24,860 miles • Pythagoras-mathematician • Pythagorean Theorem • Archimedes-mathematician • Accurately estimated Pi • Law of the lever • Archimedes Screw • 32 9/17/2015 Philosophy and Art Stoicism-founded by Greek philosopher Zeno People should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or the natural laws that god established to run the universe • Power, desires and wealth dangerous distractions • Epicureanism-Epicurus • Gods have no interest in humans • Virtuous conduct and absence of pain • Realism in Sculpture • Colossus of Rhodes • Nike • • • 33 Warm Up: Complete Sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 34 Who fought in the Peloponnesian Wars? What happened that greatly weakened Athens? What is a philosopher? What is Socrates known for? Who was Aristotle's student? What was created thanks to Alexander the Great? What is the Hellenistic culture a blending of? Greece Map: Using the maps in your World History Book, locate and label the following on the map of Greece. 7