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What Does Propaganda Teach Us?
What Does it Do?
•Informs and persuades individuals in all levels of society
• Teaches us how to think
• Teaches us how to act and what to do
• Reinforces a key message and pushes us
toward an established goal
• Shapes and defines cultural norms and
acceptable social behavior
How Does Propaganda Accomplish its
Goals?
The Five Persuasive Appeals
•APPEAL to Fear
• APPEAL to Logic
• APPEAL to Reward
• APPEAL to Emotion
• APPEAL to Popularity
How Do We Analyze Propaganda On Our Own and With
Our Students?
Fundamentally Basic and Systematic Approach:
The Three Levels of Questioning
•Descriptive Questions: What do we
see?
•Symbolic Evaluative Questions:
What does this mean?
•Interpretive Evaluative Questions:
For whom is this Message/Meaning
intended and why?
Propaganda is a vital primary source and it is never too
early to examine primary sources with students!
George Creel and the Beginnings of Modern Propaganda
•Career as Investigative Journalist,
Politician, and (Most Famously) Head of
the U.S. Committee on Public
Information During WWI
•Instrumental in Press Censorship
and Establishment of
Communication Vehicles for War
Support
•Spearheaded the World’s
“Greatest Adventure in
Advertising”
George Creel: Woodrow
Wilson’s Propaganda Man
What Is the Audience? Who Do we Need to Reach?
The Home Front
The Battle Front
War does not occur in a military or political vacuum. Civilians
play an equally important yet undervalued role.
Who is Our Enemy? What is His Goal?
Unknown British
Poster Art
(1915)
Unknown Russian Poster
Art
(1916)
Who is Our Enemy? What is His Goal?: The Germans
American Recruiting
Poster (1917)
British Caricature
(1916)
Who is Our Enemy? What is His Goal?: The Germans
What’s the big
secret here?
American Political
Cartoon (1917)
Who is Our Enemy? What is His Goal?: The Germans
The Zimmerman Telegram
American Political
Cartoon (1917)
Who is Our Enemy? What is His Goal?: The Germans
Who is Our Enemy? What is His Goal?: The Germans
Who and where are these
people?
What is happening here?
How Does the Other Side See Things?:
The German View
General Sir John French
(Great Britain)
Kaiser Wilhelm II
(Germany)
General Paul von
Hindenburg
(Germany)
General Pavle Sturm
(Serbia)
General Alexeyevitch
Brusiloff
(Russia)
Field Marshal Joseph Joffre
(France)
German Propaganda Postcard
(1916)
How Does the Other Side See Things?:
The German View
What do you think I
am saying?
German Propaganda Postcard
(1915)
How Does the Other Side See Things?:
The German View
German Propaganda Postcard
(1915)
Translation: If You Love the Fatherland, You’ll Make
it Peaceful and Quiet!
According to the German Propaganda Machine, What
is the Driving Force Behind the Allied War Effort?
According to the German Propaganda Machine, What
is the Driving Force Behind the Allied War Effort?
According to the German Propaganda Machine, What
is the Driving Force Behind the Allied War Effort?
Austrian Propaganda Postcard
(1914)
Translation: Serbians Must be Serbians/Vanquished!
According to the German Propaganda Machine, What
is the Driving Force Behind the Allied War Effort?
Unknown German Poster Art
(1915)
According to the German Propaganda Machine, What
is the Driving Force Behind the Allied War Effort?
Battle Cry of the Kaiser’s Men: Gott Strafe England!
German World War I Anti-British Decorative
Propaganda Stamps
Battle Cry of the Kaiser’s Men: Gott Strafe England!
Unconventional Propaganda: World War I German
Soldier Art
Translation: Germany Over all. God is With us. All
are Caput
What Are We Going to do to Win This War?
Enlist!
Invest!
Produce!
Conserve!
What Are We Going to do to Win This War?: Enlist!
Enlist!
Enlist!
Enlist!
Enlist!
What Are We Going to do to Win This War?: Invest!
Invest!
Invest!
Invest!
Invest!
What Are We Going to do to Win This War?: Produce!
Produce!
Produce!
Produce!
Produce!
What Are We Going to do to Win This War?: Conserve
Conserve!
Conserve!
Conserve!
Conserve!
Some Friendly Reminders For the Boys at the
Front
British
Military
Poster Art
(1917)
French
Military
Poster Art
(1916)
French
Military
Postcard
(1915)
What is the Enemy Going to Do to Win This War?
Enlist!
Invest!
Pray!
Conserve!
German Army
Recruiting Poster
(1915)
Offering for the
Army and navy
(1917)
Christ Blessing
the German
Army (1915)
Collect Seeds for Oil
Extraction (1917)
Select Sources For WWI Propaganda Images
1) http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/index.htm
2) http://www.worldwar1.com/posters.htm
3) http://digital.lib.umn.edu/warposters/warpost.html
4) http://www.dhm.de/ENGLISH/sammlungen/plakate
5) http://www.graphicwitness.org/ineye/maps.htm