Download Judaism

Judaism
Website
1. Judaism differs from nearby
people
► Hebrews
were monotheistic
► Yahweh: creator and ruler of the universe
► Ethnic group or religion
► Movements (Sects): Reform, Conservative,
and Orthodox
► As of 2010, there were nearly 13.5 million
Jews worldwide
2. Father of the Jewish people?
► Abraham:
1900 BC
► God made a covenant (agreement) with him
to keep God’s laws
3. What are Jewish laws called?
Purpose of the laws?
► Ten
Commandments
 Standard of conduct: religious and ethical laws
 Guides people’s relationship with God and other
people
4. What land was promised to the
Jews?
► Palestine
 Ancient Canaan
 Parts in present day Israel
5. Remaining wall of the Temple?
Why is it important?
► Western
Wall or Wailing wall
► Remaining wall of King Solomon's temple
 Destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.
 Place of pilgrimage - Jerusalem
Temple Mount
6. What is Jewish Diaspora?
► Scattering
of the Jews throughout the world
► Spread of culture and religion
Diaspora
•
•
•
By the 1st century B.C., the Jews living in Israel came
under the control of Rome. Region was known as Judaea
In 70 A.D., the Jews revolted against Roman rule. The
Temple was destroyed again, and the Jews were again
forced into exile
As further punishment, the Romans renamed the area
Palestine
7. What is Torah? Why is it
important?
► Hebrew
bible
► Early history, moral and religious laws
► Sacred text
► Old Testament: first five books of the bible
8. Define prophet. Who is the most
important prophet
► Person
who speaks or acts on behalf of
God/religious teacher
► Moses
9. Identify & describe the basic
beliefs and traditions of Judaism
► One
god
► Live according to God’s laws
► Study the Torah
► Ethical world view
► Dietary laws
► Sabbath – day of rest – Saturday
10. What are the Jewish beliefs of the
Messiah? Has the Messiah arrived?
► Messiah:
► No
savior; one anointed by God
Christianity
As of 2010, there were 2.18 billion
Christians in the world
1. Out of what religion did
Christianity grow?
► Judaism
 Became a separate identity
► Most
followed faith in the world
► Many Denominations (Sects):
►Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant
2. Christian beliefs about Jesus
compared to other religions?
► Jesus
is considered to be the Messiah and
son of God
► Jesus was sent to reconcile/rebuild the
relationship between humanity and God
3. How is the Bible divided? Name
the parts.
► Old
and New Testament
► Before Jesus and after Jesus
► Old Testament-Torah
► New Testament- Gospels
4. What is the purpose of the
Apostles’ Creed?
► Statement
of Christian’s beliefs
 Creed: any set of beliefs or principles
5. What is the importance of the
resurrection and ascension of Jesus?
 Basis for Christian beliefs about Jesus
6. Why were the Christians
persecuted?
► Did
not show respect for Roman Gods
► Persecution ended with Roman Emperor
Constantine’s conversion to Christianity
(313 A.D.)
► Martyrs
Conversion of the Empire
► In
A.D. 312, the Roman
Emperor Constantine I
supposedly saw a vision in
a dream the night before
a very important battle
► In his vision, he saw a
symbol of Jesus Christ,
and was told that if he
and his soldiers painted
this symbol on their
shields, they would be
victorious the next day in
battle
Conversion of the Empire
► The
next day, Constantine’s forces were
victorious.
Conversion of the Empire
► The
Emperor Constantine then began to
promote the spread of Christianity throughout
the Empire
► In A.D. 325, he convened a council of bishops
at Nicaea, in modern day Turkey, to come to
an agreement about Church doctrine
► They came up with a formal expression of
Christian faith, known as The Apostle’s Creed
► Christianity would become the official religion
of the Roman and then Byzantine Empires
7. Why did Christianity appeal to
people? Reasons for the spread of
Christianity.
► Offered
hope for all people
 Salvation and eternal life
► Salvation
for good choices-moral choices
► All believers were equal under the eyes of
God
8. Identify the Greek (Eastern)
Orthodox Church.
► Roman
Empire was divided (eastern half
Byzantine Empire) 1054
► Byzantine emperor refused to recognize the
pope as head of Christian Church
► Christian church split into two parts:
 Roman Catholic Church: Rome
 Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church:
Constantinople
Comparison of Statistics and Basics
Judaism
Christianity
adherents called
Jews
Christians
current adherents
14 million
2 billion
current size rank
12th largest
largest
Israel, Europe, USA
Europe, North and South
America, rapid growth in
Africa
Bible/Torah
Bible (Jewish Bible + New
Testament)
Talmud, Midrash,
Responsa
church fathers, church
councils, papal decrees
(Catholic only)
rabbis
priests, ministers, pastors,
bishops
synagogue
church, chapel, cathedral
Saturday
Sunday
major concentration
sacred text
other written authority
clergy
house of worship
main day of worship
Comparison of Origins and History
Judaism
Christianity
date founded
unknown
c. 33 CE
place founded
Palestine (def)
Palestine
Moses or Abraham
Jesus
Hebrew
Aramaic, Greek
little expansion; mostly
confined to Palestine
within 60 years, churches in
major cities in Palestine, Turkey,
Greece and Rome (map); entire
Roman Empire by end of 4th
cent.
Reform/Orthodox, 1800s
CE
Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE;
Catholic/Protestant, 1500s CE
founder
original language(s)
early expansion
major splits
Comparison of Religious Beliefs
Judaism
Christianity
type of theism
strict monotheism
Trinitarian monotheism
ultimate reality
one God
one God
names of God
Yahweh, Elohim
Yahweh, the Holy Trinity
angels and demons
angels and demons
not prophet
Son of God, God incarnate,
savior of the world
death by crucifixion
death by crucifixion
resurrection of Jesus
Not part of beliefs
affirmed
divine revelation
through Prophets,
recorded in Bible
through Prophets and Jesus (as
God Himself), recorded in Bible
means of salvation
belief in God, good
deeds
correct belief, faith, good deeds,
sacraments (some Protestants
emphasize faith alone)
views vary: some
heaven
eternal heaven
other spiritual beings
identity of Jesus
death of Jesus
afterlife
Similarities of Judaism & Christianity
►
All religions:
 A way to rejoice and give
thanks
 moral code
 Give to needy
 Golden rule: “do unto
others”
 Supreme power
►
C and J:











Monotheism
Old Testament
Prophets
Ten Commandments
Idea Heaven
Belief in the idea of a
Messiah
Jerusalem Holy
Coming of Age ceremonies
Several
Denominations/movements
Sacred text
Sabbath (Sat/Sun)