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Abrahamic Religions
Islam
Judaism
Christianity
Important Vocabulary
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Theism – Belief in the existence of a god or gods.
Monotheism – The belief in one god.
Salvation – Deliverance from the power and penalty of sin.
Conforming to the approved form of any doctrine,
Orthodox – philosophy, etc.
The books of the Bible recognized by any
Canon – Christian church as genuine and inspired.
The act of God in foreordaining, from eternity,
Predestination – whatever comes to pass
person who speaks for God or a deity, or by divine
Prophet – Ainspiration
Clergy – The group or body of ordained people in a religion
Islam
• Basic Facts
• Origins and History
• Religious Beliefs
Basic Facts
• Followers are called Muslims
• Islam is mainly concentrated in the Middle
East and Southeast Asia
• Qu’ran (Koran) is the sacred text of Islam
– Hadith (Other written authority)
• Imams (Clergy)
1. “Word of God”
2. Identical book in Heaven
3. Divided into 114 chapters or
Surahs
4. Surahs are revelations given to
Mohammed
• Mosque (House of Worship)
• Main day of worship – Friday
1. “Tradition”
2. Collection of the sayings and
actions of Mohammed
Origins and History
• Founded 622 AD
• Founded in Arabia (Saudi
-Believed
that Ali (Mohammed’s
-Accept Ali as well as the 3 other
Arabia
today)
Son-in-Law was the rightful
leaders that came before him and
successor asby
leader
of Islam
after Mohammed
• Founded
Mohammed
Ibn
following Mohammed’s death)
Abdallah
-Follow the belief that a new
-Ali is revered as a saint to the
leader should be elected from
• Original
Language
Arabic
Shi’a
those proven to be capable of the
job.
• Within
12areyears
-The Shi’a
dominantIslam
in Iraq had spread to the entire
and Iran
-Sunni Muslims make up the
Arabian Peninsula. Within majority
100 years,
Islam
of Muslimsthe
all over
the
worldto
(85%)
had spread from the Atlantic
China
• Major Split – Shi’a/Sunni 650 AD
Religious Beliefs
• Monotheistic faith
• Allah (Arabic for God)
• The Qur’an is the inspired, literal word of God.
Inerrant in original languages.
• Humans have the equal ability to do good or
evil
Religious Beliefs cont.
• Salvation is attained by: good deeds, correct
belief, Five Pillars
• Salvation predestined by Allah
• Afterlife exists:
– Good Afterlife – Eternal Paradise
– Bad Afterlife – Eternal Hell
Islamic View of Other Abrahamic
Religions
Jews and Christians are respected as “People of
the Book,” but they have wrong beliefs and
only partial revelation.
Judaism
• Basic Facts
• Origins and
History
• Religious
Beliefs
Basic Facts
• Followers are called Jews
• Judaism is mainly concentrated in Israel, USA,
and Europe
• Sacred Text is the Bible
– Christian Old Testament
Written decisions and
Verse by verse
–
Torah
(Books
of
Moses)
–
Genesis,
Exodus,
rulings given by the
interpretation
of
Jewish Law, Ethics,
scholars
Hebrew
scriptures
Leviticus,
Deuteronomy
Customs and
History Numbers,
• Other Written Authority: Talmud, Midrash,
Responsa
Basic Facts cont.
• Clergy - Rabbis
• Main day of worship - Saturday
• House of Worship - Synagogue
Origins and History
• Date Founded - unknown
• Founded in Israel/Palestine
• Founded by Moses or
Abraham
• Original Language - Hebrew
• Little Expansion
• Major Split –
Reform/Orthodox (1800s)
Religious Beliefs
• Names of God – Yahweh or Elohim
• Views vary when it comes to the origin and
inspiration of Sacred Texts
• Humans have two equal impulses: One good
and one bad.
Religious Beliefs cont.
• Salvation comes from belief in God and good
deeds
• Yahweh has divine revelation and forgiveness
(as opposed to predestination)
• Afterlife
– Good Afterlife : either heaven, or no afterlife
– Bad Afterlife: either reincarnation, eternal hell, or
no afterlifeu8
Jewish View of Other Abrahamic
Religions
Islam and Christianity are false extensions and
interpretations of Judaism.
Christianity
• Basic Facts
• Origins and History
• Religious Beliefs
Basic Facts
• Followers are called Christians
• Judaism is mainly concentrated in Europe,
North and South America, rapid growth in
Africa
• Sacred text is the Bible
– Jewish Bible and New Testament
•1. Clergy
are:
ministers,
pastors, bishops
Split into
twopriests,
sections:
Old
Testament and New Testament
• House of worship: Church, Chapel, Cathedral
2. Has 66 books
• Main day of worship: Sunday
3. Was the first book to be printed
Origins and History
• Founded in 33 AD
• Founded in Israel/Palestine
• Founded by Jesus Christ
• Originally written in Aramaic
and Greek
• Within 60 years, churches • Major Split:
in major cities in Palestine,
– Catholic/Orthodox
(1054 AD)
Turkey, Greece, and Rome;
entire Roman Empire by
– Catholic/Protestant
(1500s AD)
the end of the 4th century.
Religious Beliefs
• Trinitarian Monotheism
• Names of God:
Yahweh, the Holy
Trinity
• The Bible is inspired, some believe inerrant in
original languages
• Humans have “Original Sin” inherited from
Adam
Religious Beliefs cont.
• Salvation comes from correct belief, faith,
good deeds (Faith Alone)
• Predestination and varying forms of grace
both play roles in salvation
• Afterlife:
– Good Afterlife: eternal heaven
– Bad Afterlife: eternal hell, temporary purgatory
(Catholicism)
Christian View of Other Abrahamic
Religions
Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete
revelation. Islam is a false religion.