Download From the Torah

ONE
Belief in
one or
more gods
Antonym:
Antonym:
Poly: Many
Atheistic: belief that there is no God or
Supreme Being(s)
Judaism
Islam
Christianity
BTW: The crescent moon is not uniformly accepted by Muslims as a symbol of the
faith. It is, in fact, somewhat controversial b/c of its prior representation of
polytheistic religions in the region before Islam grew.
-Oldest of the 3 major Monotheistic religions (~3,500 yrs ago)
(Holy)
-Beliefs recorded in 5 sacred texts Torah
Founded by Abraham
-Torah records the Covenant :Agreement between God and Hebrews (Jews)
-They would be God’s “chosen people” if they obeyed his laws
-10 commandments Laws Jews must obey (given to Moses)
-i.e: No stealing, killing, lying, cheating, belief in only one God
-Settled in Israel (AKA: Palestine during certain parts of history)
-Forced to leave by Romans Diaspora
-Area of Palestine:
-contested holy land for all
3 monotheistic religions
-Includes parts of present-day
Israel and Jordan
Fast Facts:
-Day of worship: Friday nightSaturday night
-Place of worship: Synagogue
-Religious leader: Rabbi
Followers: CalledJews, Hebrews, Israelites (13-14 million)
Sacred Language: Hebrew
ArkHolds Torah faces Jerusalem
Dietary Laws: Kashrut Aka: Kosher
-Main Prophet/Founder:
Abraham
Countries with Largest Jewish Populations
% of World Jewish
Population
Rank
Country
Jews
1
Israel
5,313,800
40.6%
2
United States
5,275,000
40.3%
3
France
491,500
3.8%
4
Canada
373,500
2.9%
5
United Kingdom
297,000
2.3%
6
Russia
228,000
1.7%
7
Argentina
184,500
1.4%
8
Germany
118,000
0.9%
9
Australia
103,000
0.8%
10
Brazil
96,500
0.7%
11
Ukraine
80,000
0.6%
12
South Africa
72,000
0.6%
13
Hungary
49,700
0.4%
14
Mexico
39,800
0.3%
15
Belgium
31,200
0.2%
1. Certain animals may not be eaten at all. This restriction includes the flesh,
organs, eggs and milk of the forbidden animals.
-Must have:
1. Land Animals: Cloven hooves and chews cud
-eg: Sheep, cattle, goats, deer (no pig)
2. Seafood: must have fins and scales
-eg: no shellfish (lobster, crab, oysters, shrimp, etc)
3. Birds: must not be birds of prey or scavengers
4. Rodents, reptiles, amphibians forbidden
2. Of the animals that may be eaten, the birds and mammals must be killed in
accordance with Jewish law.
-Can’t have died of natural causes or killed by another animal
-No diseases
-Ritual slaughter- sharpened blade across throat
3. All blood must be drained from the meat or broiled out of it before it is eaten.
-Quick and complete draining of blood. Only birds/mammals- not fish
-From the Torah- do not eat blood because the life of the animal is
contained in the blood
-Rest must be boiled, soaked, or salted
4. Certain parts of permitted animals may not be eaten.
-Certain fats and nerves (ie: sciatic nerve)
5. Meat (the flesh of birds and mammals) cannot be eaten with dairy. Fish, eggs,
fruits, vegetables and grains can be eaten with either meat or dairy.
(According to some views, fish may not be eaten with meat).
6. Utensils that have come into contact with meat may not be used with dairy, and
vice versa. Utensils that have come into contact with non-kosher food
may not be used with kosher food. This applies only where the contact
occurred while the food was hot.
7. Grape products made by non-Jews may not be eaten.
-B/c of association with idolatry with previous pagan religions.
-Whole grapes are okay
-Mostly deals with wine and grape juice.
10 commandments
Torah
Ark
Began in 33 AD with the crucifixion of Jesus
Jerusalem is important b/c it is where Jesus was born and taught
-Also, b/c Jewish prophets spoke of one Almighty God.
Gospels – The recorded teachings of Jesus in the New Testament
-Jesus’ teachings were based on Jewish traditions
-10 Commandments- Laws given to Moses by God
-Stressed moral ideals over laws of Judaism
-Some Jews thought Jesus was a prophet and Messiah
Leader God promised would save Jews
-Christians faced persecution from Jews and polytheistic religions of Romans
and others
Harass or oppress based on religion, race, or beliefs
FAST FACTS:
Day of worship: Sunday
Place of worship: Church
Religious leaders: Priest, Minister, Preacher, Pope
(Catholicism)
Followers: called Christians (~2 billion)
Sacred Book: Bible
Main Prophet/Founder: Jesus
“Submission to God”
-Began in 610 AD
Angel
-Muhammad heard God speak to him through Gabriel outside Mecca
Merchant born in 570 AD. Orphaned by age of 6. Grew up
With uncle leading camel caravans across the desert
-Quran -Book that contains recordings of Muhammad’s revelations
Revealing of communication
Muhammad accepted Torah and New Testament as God’s word.
-Jews and Christians considered “People of the Book”
-Muhammad considered himself a prophet along with the previous Jewish
prophets and Jesus- proclaiming truths about the one God.
SPREAD OF ISLAM:
-Muhammad first spread his beliefs in Mecca
-Mecca was a center of trade.
-Arabs came to trade and
worship many gods near
the Kaaba
Polytheism
Black cube
-Merchants feared he
might cause business
to suffer b/c of his
belief in one God.
Muhammad forced to
leave Mecca in 622 AD.
Known as the Hijra
-Went to Medina
Hajj: Trip to Mecca if they are able.
Fasting during Ramadan
Giving to Charity
Prayer- 5 times a day facing
Mecca
There is no god but Allah and
Muhammad is his messenger.
5 Major Religious Practices of Islam
Prayer- 5 times a day facing
Mecca
Giving to Charity
Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj: Trip to Mecca if they are able.
5 Major Religious Practices of Islam
There is no god but Allah and
Muhammad is his messenger.
Halal vs. Haram
(Foods that are allowed)
-Anything “good”- pure, clean,
wholesome, nourishing,
pleasing to the taste.
-Basically anything not
specifically forbidden
(Foods that God specifically prohibited)
-Meat not killed appropriately
-Blood
-Pork
-Alcohol
-In interest of: Health,
Cleanliness, Obedience to
God
FAST FACTS
-Day of worship: Friday
-Place of worship: Mosque
-Religious leader: Imam
-Followers: called Muslims (Moslems)
-(~1.5 Billion)
-Sacred Book: Quran
-Sacred Language: Arabic
-Main Prophet/Founder:
-Dietary Laws- Halal vs Haram
-Major practices: 5 Pillars of Islam
Muhammad