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JUDAISM
3500 YEARS OF RELIGION
AND CULTURE
By: Dian STUDENT
Date: November 1, 2006
When and where the religion was established:
Influential Practitioners:
•
Abraham called of God.
•
Moses leading the People from Egypt and
received the Ten Commandments directly from
God on Mount Sinai.
• Rabbi Moses Maimonides 1135-1204
formulated the Thirteen Principles of the Faith.
Abraham the Father of
the Jewish Faith. It all
began with God calling
him to be the Alpha of
the Jewish race.
The picture depicts
Abraham’s extreme
test of faith in God
by obeying God’s
command to slay
his Son of Promise,
Isaac. The angel of
God stays his hand
from killing the
child.
Moses the ultimate
leader – God gave the
law directly to him on
tablets of stone (The 10
Commandments) at Mt.
Sinai
MOSES is believed to be
the writer of the first five
books of the Holy Bible:
the Jews refer to this as
the TORAH
• God is the sole creator
• God is One
• He does not have a physical form
• He is eternal
• Man is to pay only to Him
• All the words of the prophets are true
• Moses was the greatest of all prophets
• The Torah which we have today is the
same one given to Moses by God
• God will not replace this Torah with
another
• God knows all of man’s thoughts
• The good are rewarded and the evil
punished
• The Messiah will come
• The dead will be revived
MOSES MAIMONIDES (1135-1204)
ECCLESIASTICAL LAW
HOUSE OF WORSHIP: SYNAGOGUE the place of
worship and communal center of a Jewish
congregation.
TORAH: The first five books of the Holy Bible;
also Torah is a way of living to the Jewish people.
MISHNAH later referred to as the TALMUD: The
oral law that was written for fear of being lost. A
belief that every moment of a Jew’s existence is
wrapped up in God.
AARON of the Tribe of Levi began the Levitical
Priesthood administering animal sacrifices and
offering of prayers for the people to God; today no
animal sacrifices are performed and Rabbis lead the
congregations in worship to God.
The Talmud: The Oral Law,
was reduced to writing by
Rabbi Judah, 2nd century CE.
A page from the BabylonianTalmud
text currently used. These editions
established the familiar format of
placing the original text in square
formal letters the centre of the page,
surrounded by the commentaries of
Rashi and Tosafot, (comments of the
Rabbi) which are printed in a semicursive typeface.
SYNAGOGUES
NEW
and
OLD
Synagogue: East Park,
Cleveland, Ohio, 2006
Contrasted to:
Synagogue in Jerusalem and Istanbul
built from the 13th to 18th Centuries
Old City
West Wall
Istanbul Synagogue
NUMBER OF ADHERENTS:
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nation
USA
Israel
Russia
France
Canada
United Kingdom
Argentina
Brazil
Australia
South Africa
Number
5,602,000
4,390,000
1,450,000
640,000
350,000
320,000
250,000
150,000
92,000
70,000
Cities with the Largest
Jewish Population in the Diaspora
New York, USA
1,750,000
London, UK
200,000
Miami, USA
535,000
Moscow, Russia
200,000
Los Angeles, USA
490,000
Buenos Aires, Argentina
180,000
Paris, France
350,000
Toronto, Canada
175,000
Philadelphia, USA
254,000
Washington DC, USA
165,000
Chicago, USA
248,000
Kiev, Ukraine
110,000
San Francisco, USA
210,000
Montreal, Canada
100,000
Boston, USA
208,000
St. Petersburg, Russia
100,000
DIASPORA: The dispersion of Jews outside Israel from the sixth
century BCE, when they were exiled to Babylonia, until the present
time.
The Jewish Faith gave
rise to the Christian and
Islamic Faiths
A
JUDAISM
CHRISTIANITY
B
Judaism is the base for Christianity,
Jesus Christ is believed to be
the Messiah that those of Jewish
faith are awaiting the arrival of.
ISLAM
C
The Islam faith uses the Pentateuch
(5 books of the Jewish Testament the
Christian Faith’s Old Testament)
For its basis of beginning in Judaism,
but adds to it the writings of
Mohammad to complete their faith basis.
VIEW OF JERUSALEM
JERUSALEM
THE HOLY CITY OF JUDAISM: The Temple of Solomon was
built, and where Abraham had offer his son Isaac to God.
THE LOCATION OF THE DOME OF THE ROCK OF ISLAMIC FAITH:
Muhammad ascended to the sky where he met all the prophets
who had preceded him (such as Moses, Josef and Christ),
witnessed paradise and hell and finally saw God sitting on his
throne circumambulated by angels.
THE PLACE OF BEGINNING OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH: Christ’s
Crucifixion and Church Establishment on Pentecost
RITES/RITUALS/CEREMONIES
• The Cycle of Life
• The Cycle of the Jewish Year
THE CYCLE OF THE JEWISH
YEAR
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shabbat (The Sabbath)
Rosh ha-Shanah (The New Year)
Yom Kippur (The day of atonement)
Sukkot (The Festival of Booths)
Simhat Torah (Celebrating the Torah)
Hanukkah (The Festival of Lights)
Tu bi-Shevat (The Festival of Trees)
Purim
Pesah (Passover)
Holocaust Memorial Day
Israel Independence Day
Counting the Omer
Shavuot (Receiving the Torah)
Tish'ah be-Av (Mourning the destruction of the Temples)
(THE SABBATH)
•Simhat Torah (Celebrating the Torah)
•Hanukkah (The Festival of Lights)
The word JUDE is the
German word for Jew.
This is an armband
worn by an adult Jew
in Germany during
the reign of Hitler.
•Holocaust Memorial Day
In modern times, the Star of David
has become a premier Jewish
symbol. This six-pointed star
(hexagram), made of two
interlocking triangles, can be found
on mezuzahs, menorahs, tallis
bags, and kipot. Ambulances in
Israel bear the sign of the "Red Star
of David," and the flag of Israel has
a blue Star of David planted
squarely in the center.
The six points of the Star of David symbolize God's rule over the
universe in all six directions: north, south, east, west, up and down.
THE LIFE CYCLE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Childbirth
Brit Milah (Circumcision)
Welcoming a Daughter
Pidyon ha-Ben (Redeeming a first born son)
Childhood
Bar and Bat Mitzvah
Marriage
The Jewish Home
Death and Mourning
Circumcision or Brit Milah
Like some other religions, Jewish baby rites
differ for male and female babies.
Any child born to a Jewish mother is
considered a Jew. The Brit Milah
(circumcision ceremony) is an important
initiation rite for young Jewish boys.
Ordinarily circumcision ceremonies take
place when the child is eight days old but it
can be delayed for medical reasons.
The Brit Milah is usually attended by
men. The child is placed on the lap of a
male friend or relative who has the honor
of being the Sandek. He has the
responsibility of holding the child still
whilst the circumcision is performed by a
Mohel.
Baby boys are also given their names at
their circumcisions; it is customary to keep
the name a secret before the ceremony.
REDEEMING A FIRST BORN SON
Pidyon HaBen is only held if all of the following are true
about the male baby:
He is the first-born child of his mother.
His parents are neither Kohanim or Levites.
He was born in natural childbirth (not via C-section).
His mother did not previously have a miscarriage after
more than 40 days of pregnancy.
A Jewish
Bride:
Haredi Judaism is the most
theologically conservative form of
Judaism. Haredi Judaism is often
translated as ultra-orthodox Judaism,
although Haredi Jews themselves object
to this translation. They simply refer to
themselves as Jews, and they consider
more liberal forms of Judaism to be
unauthentic.
According to Haredi Jews, authentic
Jews believe God wrote the Torah,
strictly observe Jewish Law (halacha),
and refuse to modify Judaism to meet
contemporary needs. The word Haredi
derives from the Hebrew word for fear
(harada) and can be interpreted as "one
who trembles in awe of God"
CLERGY:
THE RABBI
HISJOB:
•Rabbis serve Orthodox, Conservative Reform and Reconstructionist Jewish
congregations, preserving the substance of Jewish religious worship. The format of the
worship service and, therefore, the ritual that the rabbi uses may vary even among
congregations belonging to the same branch of Judaism.
•Rabbis report directly to the board of trustees of the congregation they serve.
•Those serving large congregations may spend considerable time in administrative
duties, working with their staffs and committees.
•Rabbis play a role in community relations.
•Rabbis also may write for religious and lay publications and teach in theological
seminaries, colleges and universities.
NOVEMBER 2005: The emergence
of women as learned Jews and as
public Jewish leaders is rooted in
non-Orthodox Jewish denominations,
which have influenced many among
the Orthodox.
WOMEN IN CLERGY
JULY 2006: ORTHODYKES is a list for
Orthodox Jewish lesbians. More
information is available at the
ORTHODYKES web page. To
subscribe, send the message
SUBSCRIBE ORTHODYKES <your
email address> to
[email protected] .
AUGUST 2006: Dina Najman
became "rosh kehillah," or "head
of the community" at an
Orthodox Jewish synagogue in
Manhattan without the title
"rabbi."
CAN I BE PROSELYTIZED?
1. If your mother is a Jew you are automatically a Jew and with
religious instruction you would adhere to a particular branch of
Judaism.
2. Becoming a Jew is not just a religious change: the convert not
only accepts the Jewish faith, but becomes a member of the
Jewish People and embraces Jewish culture and history.
3. Conversion to Judaism is a process governed by Jewish religious
law. Conversions are overseen by a religious court, which must be
convinced that:
the convert is sincere;
is converting for the right reasons;
is converting of their own free will
has a thorough knowledge of Jewish faith and practices,
will live an observant Jewish life.
4. There are also two ritual requirements:
A male convert must undergo
circumcision if they are already circumcised, a single
drop of blood is drawn as a symbolic circumcision,
The convert must undergo immersion in a Jewish
bath (a mikveh), with appropriate prayers.
ritual
AGE OF REASON
• The Jews were treated better by those of
the Enlightenment became religion did not
matter to them.
• On Napoleon’s march through Europe he
liberated the Jews.
• With time, Jews were granted citizenship
in every country in Europe. Interestingly,
the last two countries to grant Jews
citizenship were Switzerland (1874) and
Spain (1918).
REFERENCES
INTERNET:
www.adherents.com/largecom/com_judaism.html
www.answers.com/topic/star-of-david-1
www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/index.shtml
www.bibleplaces.com/
www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jews-romanlaw.html
www.geocities.com/alabasters_archive/jewish_history.html
www.jewishsoftware.com/products/The_Israel_Museum__Cycles_
of_Jewish_Life_368.asp?bhcd2=1162359209
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism
www.lcsc.edu/mlevine/Judaism/main.htm
www.spaceandmotion.com/religion-judaism-jewish-jews.htm
www.ushmm.org/outreach/before.htm
REFERENCES
The American Heritage College Dictionary. Fourth Edition,
Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston 2002.
Gerber, Jame S. et al. The Illustrated History of the Jewish People.
Edited by: Nicholas DeLange. Harcourt Brace & Company.
New York. 1997
Himelstein, Shmuel Rabbi Dr. The Jewish Primer. Facts on File.
New York 1990.
Tremendous amount of Sunday School Lessons.