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The Ancient Israelites
Chapter Introduction
Section 1 The First Israelites
Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
Reading Review
Chapter Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
The Ancient Israelites
Chapter Objectives
• Describe the Israelites’ beliefs and their
early history.
• Discuss the history of the kingdom of
Israel.
• Discuss Judaism during the period
when Jews were ruled by other people.
The Ancient Israelites
The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section discusses the early history of
the ancient Israelites, including their
relationship with God, their escape from
slavery, and their conflicts with the
Canaanites over land.
The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• The Israelites believed in one God
who set down moral laws for his
people. They recorded their history in
the Bible.
• The Israelites had to fight the
Canaanites to return to their promised
land.
The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places
• Canaan (KAY·nuhn)
• Mount Sinai (SY·NY)
Meeting People
• Abraham
• Deborah
• Jacob
• Phoenician
(fih·NEE·shuhn)
• Moses
The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary
• monotheism (MAH·nuh·thee·IH·zuhm)
• tribe
• Torah (TOHR·UH)
• covenant (KUHV·nuhnt)
• alphabet
The First Israelites
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Sequencing Information Create a
sequence chart to help trace the
movement of the Israelites.
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites
• The Israelites built a kingdom in
Canaan, along the Mediterranean Sea
in southwest Asia, in 1000 B.C.
• Today, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan
occupy the land that was once Canaan.
• Israelites believed in one God.
• The belief in one god is called
monotheism.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)
• The Israelite faith became the religion of
Judaism.
• Judaism influenced Christianity and Islam
and helped shape the beliefs of European
and American societies.
• Israelites spoke Hebrew and wrote their
history and beliefs in what later became
the Hebrew Bible.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)
• The Israelites believed they were
descended from a man named Abraham.
• The Israelites believed God
told Abraham to
settle in Canaan
and worship the
one true God.
• Abraham’s
grandson, named
Jacob, raised 12
sons in Canaan.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)
• Their families became the 12 tribes of
Israel.
• After 100 years in Canaan, the Israelites
suffered a long drought.
• To survive, some Israelites went to Egypt.
• The Egyptian pharaoh enslaved the
Israelites.
• To prevent the Israelites from rebelling,
the pharaoh ordered all baby boys to be
thrown into the Nile River.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)
• The pharaoh’s daughter found a baby
boy in a basket on the riverbank.
• She named the baby Moses.
• When Moses grew up, he herded sheep
in the hills outside Egypt.
• In those hills, he saw a burning bush
and heard a voice.
• He believed it was God telling him to
lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)
• The Hebrew Bible says that God sent
10 plagues to trouble Egypt.
• The last plague killed all the first-born
children, except for those Israelites who
marked their doors with lamb’s blood.
• The plague convinced the pharaoh to let
the Israelites leave Egypt.
• After the Israelites left, the pharaoh
changed his mind.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)
• He sent soldiers after the Israelites.
• The Hebrew Bible says that God parted
the Red Sea, so the Israelites could pass.
• The water flowed back when the
soldiers
tried to
cross,
and they
drowned.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
The Early Israelites (cont.)
• On the way back to Canaan, Moses
went to the top of Mount Sinai and
received laws from God.
• These laws were known as the Torah,
which became the first part of the
Hebrew Bible.
• The Ten Commandments—what God
believes to be right and wrong—are an
important part of the Torah.
• The Ten Commandments helped form
the basic moral laws of many nations.
(pages 81–83)
The First Israelites
What promise did god make in the
covenant with the Israelites?
God promised to return the
Israelites to Canaan if they followed
the laws of the Torah.
The First Israelites
The Promised Land
• It took the Israelites about 40 years to
reach Canaan.
• Along the way, Moses died, and Joshua
took over.
• When the Israelites reached Canaan,
they found a group of people, the
Canaanites, living there.
• The Israelites believed it was God’s will
to conquer the Canaanites.
(pages 84–85)
The First Israelites
The Promised Land (cont.)
• Joshua led the Israelites into battle.
• They marched around the walls of the
city of Jericho for six days.
• On the seventh day, the Israelites let out
a great
shout,
and the
wall of
Jericho
crumbled.
(pages 84–85)
The First Israelites
The Promised Land (cont.)
• Joshua led the Israelites in three more
wars.
• The land they seized was divided
among the 12 tribes.
• After Joshua’s death, the Israelites
looked to judges for leadership.
• Judges were usually military leaders
who led one or two tribes.
(pages 84–85)
The First Israelites
The Promised Land (cont.)
• Eventually, the Israelites won the hilly
region of Canaan, and the Canaanites
kept the coastal areas.
• The Israelites built walled towns to
protect themselves.
• The Phoenicians were a group of
Canaanites who developed an
alphabet.
• An alphabet is a group of letters that
stands for sounds.
(pages 84–85)
The First Israelites
How did the Phoenicians affect
other cultures of the world?
The Phoenicians passed on their
alphabet to the Greeks and
Romans. This alphabet is the basis
for most Western alphabets of
today.
The First Israelites
Why was the religion of Israel unique
in the ancient world?
Unlike most other religions, it had
only one God.
The First Israelites
What is the Torah, and how did the
Israelites obtain it?
The Torah is the collection of laws
which God gave to Moses on top of
Mount Sinai.
The First Israelites
Analyze What was the importance
of the Phoenician alphabet?
It made writing simpler and helped
in keeping records.
The First Israelites
Summarize What problems did the
Israelites face when they returned to
Canaan?
The Israelites had to fight a number
of wars to get back part of the lands
of Canaan from the Canaanites who
lived there.
The First Israelites
Expository Writing Which one of
the Ten commandments do you think
is most important today? Write a
short essay to explain your selection.
Answers will vary.
The Nile Valley
Explain the most important contribution
made by the Israelites.
The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section focuses on the creation of
the kingdom of Israel; its great kings Saul,
David, and Solomon; and the challenges
Israel faced.
The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• The Israelites chose a king to unite
them against their enemies.
• King David built an Israelite empire and
made Jerusalem his capital city.
• The Israelites were conquered and
forced to leave Israel and Judah.
The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places
• Jerusalem (juh·ROO·suh·luhm)
• Judah (JOO·duh)
Meeting People
• Philistine
(FIH·luh·STEEN)
• David
• Solomon
• Saul (SAWL)
(SAHL·uh·muhn)
• Nebuchadnezzar
(NEH·byuh·kuhd·NUH·zuhr)
The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary
•
prophet (PRAH·fuht)
•
empire (EHM·PYR)
•
tribute (TRIH·byoot)
•
proverb (PRAH·VUHRB)
The Kingdom of Israel
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Categorizing Information Complete a
chart like the one on page 86 of your
textbook, identifying characteristics of
Israel and Judah.
The Kingdom of Israel
The Israelites Choose a King
• The Philistines were the strongest
people in Canaan around 1000 B.C.
• The Israelites began to think a king would
unite the tribes and help them fight off the
Philistines.
• The 12 tribes asked Samuel, a prophet,
to choose a king.
(page 87)
The Kingdom of Israel
The Israelites Choose a King (cont.)
• A prophet is a person who was
believed to be instructed by God.
• Samuel warned the Israelites against a
king and did not choose one.
• The Israelites named Saul as king.
• King Saul displeased God, so God
chose another king, David.
(page 87)
The Kingdom of Israel
The Israelites Choose a King (cont.)
• God told Samuel to anoint David in
secret.
(page 87)
The Kingdom of Israel
Why did Samuel refuse to choose a
king?
Samuel told the Israelites that a king
would enslave them and make them
pay taxes.
The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon
• David was a famous warrior.
• He killed a giant Philistine named
Goliath with a slingshot and stones.
• King Saul put David in charge of the
army but later grew envious of David
and plotted to have him killed.
• David hid until Saul and his sons were
killed.
• Then, David took the throne.
(pages 89–90)
The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon (cont.)
• David drove the Philistines out and
conquered other countries, building his
empire.
• The conquered people had to pay
tribute to David.
• The Israelites also had to pay heavy
taxes.
• David used the money to expand the
capital, Jerusalem.
(pages 89–90)
The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon (cont.)
• Solomon was
David’s son who
took the throne
after David’s
death.
• Solomon built the
stone temple in
Jerusalem that
David wanted to
build.
(pages 89–90)
The Kingdom of Israel
David and Solomon (cont.)
• When Solomon died, the 12 tribes
began fighting.
• Ten of the tribes moved to the north and
called their nation the kingdom of Israel.
• The other two tribes moved to the south
and called their kingdom Judah.
• The capital of Judah was Jerusalem,
and the people of Judah were called
Jews.
(pages 89–90)
The Kingdom of Israel
Why did David want to build a
temple in Jerusalem?
David wanted the Israelites to have
a permanent place for their sacred
religious objects.
The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time
• After creating the kingdoms of Israel
and Judah, many Israelites faced
troubled times.
• The prophets told the Israelites to please
God by leading a moral life and helping
others.
• The kingdoms of Israel and Judah felt
threatened by the Assyrians and
Chaldeans, who had powerful empires
in southwest Asia.
(pages 90–92)
The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)
• The Assyrians conquered Israel and
dispersed the 10 tribes throughout their
empire.
• These Israelites lost contact with those
who remained in Israel and Judah and
were often called the lost tribes of Israel.
• The Assyrians brought people to live in
Samaria. A new culture developed, and
the people became known as
Samaritans.
(pages 90–92)
The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)
• The Samaritans adopted many Israelite
beliefs. Over time, however, their
religious practices developed separately
from those of Judah.
• To appease God, they offered sacrifices
and began following the Israelites’
religion.
• The people of Judah believed that God
only accepted sacrifices from the temple
at Jerusalem.
(pages 90–92)
The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)
• They believed they were God’s only
people.
• The Egyptians conquered the kingdom
of Judah in 620 B.C.
• The Chaldeans conquered Egypt in
605 B.C.
• The Jews joined forces with the
Egyptians to conquer the Chaldeans.
(pages 90–92)
The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)
• King Nebuchadnezzar and the
Chaldeans captured Jerusalem and
punished the Jews.
• He sent 10,000 Jews to Babylon and
appointed a new Jewish king.
• In 586 B.C., the Jews revolted against
the Chaldeans, and the Chaldean ruler
crushed Jerusalem.
(pages 90–92)
The Kingdom of Israel
A Troubled Time (cont.)
• The Chaldeans took the king and
thousands of Jews to Babylon.
• This period is known as the Babylonian
Captivity.
(pages 90–92)
The Kingdom of Israel
What message did the prophets
bring to the Israelites?
The prophets warned the Israelites
that being faithful to God was more
than simply going to temple to
worship. It meant working for a just
society and dealing fairly with other
people.
The Kingdom of Israel
Why was David anointed king while
Saul was still in charge of the
Israelites?
Saul displeased God by disobeying
some of God’s commands, so God
chose another king.
The Kingdom of Israel
Who were the prophets, and why
were they important to the Israelites?
Prophets were messengers who
claimed to be instructed by God and
who taught the Israelites how to live
properly.
The Kingdom of Israel
Summarize What happened to the
Israelites after the death of
Solomon?
Fighting broke out among the
Israelites, and they formed two
separate kingdoms.
The Kingdom of Israel
Describe Who were the
Samaritans, and what did the people
of Judah think of them?
Assyrian settlers who settled around
Samaria; the people of Judah looked
down on them
The Kingdom of Israel
Infer Why do you think the
Assyrians, and later the Chaldeans,
moved Jews away from Israel and
Judah after those areas were
conquered?
The Chaldeans moved the Jews to
decrease the chance for revolt.
The Kingdom of Israel
Brainstorm: Brainstorm how the events
described in this section influenced our
lives today.
The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section focuses on the growth of
Judaism, including the challenges it
overcame and the setbacks it suffered.
The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• The Jews continued their religion during
their exile in Babylon.
• Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek
world and regained control of Judah.
• Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.
• Under Roman rule, the Jews were
divided and rebellious. In response, the
Romans destroyed the temple and
exiled the Jews.
The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places
• Babylon (BA·buh·luhn)
Meeting People
• Judas Maccabeus
(JOO·duhs MAK·uh·BEE·uhs)
• Herod (HEHR·uhd)
• Zealot (ZEH·luht)
The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Meeting People (cont.)
• Johanan ben Zakkai
(YOH·kah·nahn behn·zah·KY)
Building Your Vocabulary
• exile (EHG·ZYL)
• Sabbath (SA·buhth)
• synagogue
(SIH·nuh·GAHG)
The Growth of Judaism
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary
• Diaspora (dy·AS·pruh)
• messiah (muh·SY·uh)
• rabbi (RA·BY)
Reading Strategy
Summarizing Information Use a
diagram like the one on page 93 of your
textbook to describe the Maccabees.
The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return
• Exile occurs when people are forced to
leave their homeland.
• During the Israelites’ exile in Babylon,
their religion became what we call
Judaism.
• Jews met each week on the Sabbath, a
day of worship and rest, in a synagogue,
or house of worship.
(pages 94–95)
The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return (cont.)
• After the Persians defeated the
Chaldeans and took control of Babylon,
the Persian king, Cyrus, allowed the Jews
to return to Judah.
• Persian officials still controlled the Jews in
Judah, so Jews looked to their religious
leaders to run society.
(pages 94–95)
The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return (cont.)
• The Hebrew Bible consists of the Torah,
the Prophets, and 34 other books.
• Some of these
books describe
Jewish history.
(pages 94–95)
The Growth of Judaism
Exile and Return (cont.)
• The book of Genesis tells how God
punished people for their bad behavior.
• The story of Noah is in the book of
Genesis.
• Genesis also explains why the world has
different languages.
• The book of Daniel reminds Jews that
God will rescue them.
• Jews, Christians, and Muslims share the
idea that good will triumph over evil.
(pages 94–95)
The Growth of Judaism
How does the book of Genesis
explain different languages of the
world?
Genesis tells that the people of
Babel tried to build a tower to
heaven. God disapproved of the
tower and made all the people
speak different languages and
scattered them across the earth.
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Greeks
• Judah came under the control of
Alexander the Great in 331 B.C.
• He introduced the Greek language and
ways to the Jews who stayed in Judah.
• The Diaspora refers to Jews who lived
outside of Judah.
• The word diaspora means “scattered.”
(pages 95–96)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Greeks (cont.)
• The Greek ruler Antiochus wanted the
Jews to worship Greek gods and
goddesses.
• A priest named Judas Maccabeus and
his followers formed an army known as
the Maccabees to fight the Greeks.
• The Maccabees drove the Greeks out of
Judah.
• They removed evidence of the gods and
goddesses from their temple. (pages 95–96)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Greeks (cont.)
• Each year Jews recall the cleansing of
the temple when they celebrate
Hanukkah.
(pages 95–96)
The Growth of Judaism
How did Jewish ideas spread at the
time of Alexander the Great?
Some Jews who learned the Greek
language but were loyal to Judaism
copied the Hebrew Bible in the
Greek language. In this way, people
who were not Jews could read
about and understand Judaism.
The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Way of Life
• Jewish laws influenced Jews’ education,
food, and clothes.
• Sons were valuable in Jewish society.
• Sons carried on the family name and
became the head of the family after the
death of their fathers.
• Sons learned how to earn a living and
how to worship God from their fathers.
(pages 97–98)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Way of Life (cont.)
• They later learned how to read the Torah
from religious leaders.
• Girls learned how to be good wives,
mothers, and housekeepers.
• They also learned about Jewish laws
and strong women of ancient Israel.
• Jewish laws stated that Jews could eat
only certain animals, such as beef,
lamb, and certain scaly fish.
(pages 97–98)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Way of Life (cont.)
• Today, food that is prepared according to
Jewish law is called kosher.
• Jewish laws also applied to clothing.
• Men wore tunics, caps or turbans, and
sandals.
• Women wore dresses and covered their
heads with shawls.
• Wealthy women wore shoes, makeup,
and jewelry.
(pages 97–98)
The Growth of Judaism
How is kosher meat prepared?
To be kosher, the animal is killed in
a certain way. Then the meat is
inspected, salted, and soaked.
Jewish laws instruct Jews not to
cook or eat milk products with the
meat.
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans
• In 63 B.C., the Romans conquered
Judah and renamed it Judaea.
• King Herod, the most famous ruler of
Judaea, was known for the additions he
made to the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem.
• After Herod’s death, the Romans
replaced Jewish kings with Roman
officials.
• The Jews were divided over how to deal
with the Romans.
(pages 100–102)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)
• One group was the Pharisees, who
stressed oral traditions and were
supported by the common people.
• Another group was the Sadducees, who
emphasized the written law and did not
agree with many of the Pharisees’
teachings.
• A third group was the Essenes. They
lived in the desert and waited for God to
deliver the Jews from the Romans.
(pages 100–102)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)
• The Dead Sea Scrolls were found near
the Dead Sea in A.D. 1947. They describe
Judaism during Roman times.
• The Jews hated Roman rule.
• Some Jews, known as the Zealots,
wanted to fight the Romans.
• They revolted in A.D. 66 and drove the
Romans out of Jerusalem.
(pages 100–102)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)
• The Romans regained control four years
later.
• They killed thousands of Jews and
forced many others to leave.
• The Romans also destroyed the temple
in Jerusalem.
(pages 100–102)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)
• What remains today is the Western Wall.
(pages 100–102)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)
• The Jews revolted again, but the
Romans stopped the revolt.
• This time, they forbade Jews to visit
Jerusalem and gave Judah the name of
Palestine, referring to the Philistines.
• Rabbis, teachers of the Torah, became
important leaders.
• Rabbis wanted to pass on the teachings
of the Torah.
(pages 100–102)
The Growth of Judaism
The Jews and the Romans (cont.)
• They combined the teachings into books
called commentaries. The Talmud is an
important commentary dealing with
many laws about daily life.
• For 2,000 years most Jews lived outside
Palestine and faced persecution.
• In A.D. 1947 Palestine was divided, and
a new Jewish nation called Israel was
created in 1948.
(pages 100–102)
The Growth of Judaism
What was the difference between
the Pharisees and the Sadducees?
The Pharisees stressed oral traditions and
were concerned with applying the Torah to
daily life and the Jewish home and family.
The Sadducees were concerned with the
written law and commandments and how
the Torah applied to priests in the Temple.
The Growth of Judaism
What was the Diaspora?
The diaspora was scattered Jews
living outside of their homeland in
Judah.
The Growth of Judaism
What was education like within a
Jewish family?
Mothers taught young children.
Fathers taught older boys religion
and the father’s trade. Boys also
learned the Torah from religious
teachers. Mothers taught girls the
basic skills of being good wives,
mothers, and housekeepers.
The Growth of Judaism
Summarize How did the Jews
practice their religion during the
exile in Babylon?
The Jews worshiped on the
Sabbath and met in synagogues to
pray and discuss their religion and
history.
The Growth of Judaism
Identify Who were the Zealots, and
why were they important?
Jews who revolted and drove the
Romans out of Jerusalem
The Growth of Judaism
Draw Conclusions Do you think
that Jewish beliefs and values would
have spread so widely if the lands of
Israel and Judah had not been
conquered by other peoples?
Explain.
Answers will vary.
The Growth of Judaism
Persuasive Writing Imagine you
are living in Judaea during the
Roman conquest. Write a letter to a
friend describing how you might have
felt about the Romans and what
actions you would like to see taken to
make Judaea free again.
Letters will vary.
The Growth of Judaism
Identify influences of the civilization of
early Israel on life today.
The Ancient Israelites
Section 1: The First Israelites
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• The Israelites believed in one God who
set down moral laws for his people. They
recorded their history in the Bible.
• The Israelites had to fight the
Canaanites to return to their promised
land.
The Ancient Israelites
Section 2: The Kingdom of Israel
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• The Israelites chose a king to unite them
against their enemies.
• King David built an Israelite empire and
made Jerusalem his capital city.
• The Israelites were conquered and
forced to leave Israel and Judah.
The Ancient Israelites
Section 3: The Growth of Judaism
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• The Jews continued their religion during
their exile in Babylon.
• Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek
world and regained control of Judah.
• Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.
• Under Roman rule, the Jews were
divided and rebellious. In response, the
Romans destroyed the temple and
exiled the Jews.
The Ancient Israelites
Review Vocabulary
Define Match the vocabulary words on the right with the
definitions on the left.
C 1. Jewish house of
__
worship
B 2. claims to be inspired by
__
God
__
A 3. family group
__
D 4. holy day of worship
and rest
__
H 5. forced absence
__
F 6. belief in one god
__
E 7. deliverer sent by God
__
G 8. agreement
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
tribe
prophet
synagogue
Sabbath
messiah
monotheism
covenant
exile
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The First Israelites
Where did the Israelites record their
history and religious beliefs?
in the Hebrew Bible
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The First Israelites
Why did the Israelites fight the
Canaanites?
They believed it was God’s will that
they conquer the Canaanites and
return to their Promised Land.
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 1 The First Israelites
Why did the Israelites choose a king?
to unite them against their enemies,
the Philistines
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel
What happened when the Israelites
were conquered?
They were forced to leave Israel
and Judah.
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
How did Jewish ideas spread
throughout the Mediterranean
world?
Some Jews of the Diaspora copied
the Hebrew Bible into Greek, which
helped others learn about Jewish
ideas.
The Ancient Israelites
Review Main Ideas
Section 3 The Growth of Judaism
How did Romans respond to Jewish
rebellions?
The Jewish rebellions were
forcefully put down, and the
Romans destroyed the temple in
Jerusalem and exiled the Jews.
The Ancient Israelites
Contrast How was the Jewish
religion different from religions of
other ancient cultures?
The Jewish religion had one
God, while other religions had
many gods and goddesses. The
Jews could not create images of
their God. The Ten
Commandments applied to
everyone equally.
The Ancient Israelites
Analyze Why do you think the
Israelites felt so strongly about a
Promised Land?
The Jews believed they had
received the Promised Land
through a covenant with God.
The Ancient Israelites
Compare and Contrast How were
Saul and David similar, and how
were they different?
Both led the Israelites to victory
against their enemies. Saul
displeased God by disobeying
him. He plotted to kill David and
was eventually killed in battle.
David defeated Goliath, drove
the Philistines out of Israel, and
built Jerusalem.
The Ancient Israelites
Explain How did the Jewish
religion survive during the exile of
the Jews?
The Jews worshiped on the
Sabbath and met in synagogues.
The Ancient Israelites
Describe What is celebrated on
the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah?
the Maccabees’ defeat of the
Greeks and the reclaiming and
cleansing of the temple in
Jerusalem
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Map
Ancient Israel
Charts
Alphabets
Major Hebrew Prophets
Major Jewish Holidays
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version.
The First Israelites
The peak of Mount Sinai, where—according to the
Hebrew Bible—Moses received the Ten
Commandments, can be reached by climbing 3,750
stone steps. The steps were created by the monks
of St. Catherine’s Monastery.
The Kingdom of Israel
Jerusalem has had different names throughout
history. Before King David conquered Jerusalem,
the city was called Jebus. King David renamed the
city the City of David. Accounts of the Assyrians’
conquering of the city referred to Jerusalem as the
City of Judah.
The Growth of Judaism
The Jewish Sabbath, or Shabbat, begins on Friday
evening at sundown and ends at sunset Saturday
evening. Jews commemorate the separation of
Shabbat from the rest of the week with special
ceremonies.
Reading Social Studies
Learn It!
Finding the Main Idea
Main ideas are the most important ideas in a
paragraph, section, or chapter. Supporting details
are facts or examples that explain the main idea.
Read the paragraph from Section 1 on page 78 of
your textbook and notice how the author explains
the main idea. The main idea is identified for you.
The supporting details are highlighted in color.
Reading Social Studies
Main idea
Through trade, the
Phoenicians spread ideas
and goods.
One of their most
important ideas was an Supporting
alphabet, or a group of details
letters that stood for
sounds. The letters could
be used to spell out the
words in their language.
—from page 85
Reading Social Studies
Practice It!
Create a Graphic Organizer
Read the paragraph from Chapter 3 on page 79 of
your textbook.
• Draw a graphic organizer like the one shown on
page 79 of your textbook.
• Write the main ideas in a box and supporting
details in circles around the box.
The Ancient Israelites
Introduction
The First Israelites
The Kingdom of Israel
The Growth of Judaism
The Ten Commandments
Proverbs
The Talmud
Young People In…
Education in Ancient Israel and Judah
Early Israelites placed a high value on education. Rabbis—Jewish
religious teachers—taught their followers, “If you have knowledge,
you have everything.” Unfortunately, only boys were allowed to go
to school. Fathers taught their young sons the commandments.
They also taught them about the meaning of Jewish traditions and
holy feasts. At age five, boys went to a school that was connected
with the synagogue. There, the hazan, or minister of the synagogue,
taught them the Torah. Everything the students learned—from the
alphabet to Jewish history—they learned from the Torah. Jewish
laws decided the stages of students’ education. Different subjects
were introduced at the ages, of 5, 10, and 13.
Most Jewish boys finished their education at
age 13. At that age, boys became adults.
Young People In…
1. Why was education important to the ancient
Israelites?
They believed that those who have knowledge have
everything, meaning it gave great abilities and
wisdom.
2. What was a father’s role in his son’s
education?
It was the father’s role to begin his son’s education,
teaching the commandments and about Jewish
religious traditions and holy feasts.
David Reigned c. 1000–962 B.C.
Ruth and Naomi
Chapter 3
Daily Focus Skills
Transparency 3–1
Chapter 3
Daily Focus Skills
Transparency 3–2
Chapter 3
Daily Focus Skills
Transparency 3–3
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