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Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
A View of Egypt by Satellite
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms in
the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile overflowed
its banks its nutrient rich silt was
deposited on its shores.
The Fertile Nile Valley
Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers established
settlements along the Nile. These settlements eventually grew
into regional states known as Upper and Lower Egypt
Ancient Egyptian History
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
3900 B. C. E.
2705 – 2213 B. C. E.
2061 – 1668 B. C. E.
1560 – 1070 B. C. E.
Greek Ptolemaic Era
Roman Period
332 – 30 B. C. E.
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Menes:
Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
First Dynasty
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
marked the beginning of the 3,000 year
civilization of Ancient Egypt.
Scenes of Ancient Egyptian
Daily Life
Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a
period of confusion that lasted until a new
dynasty restored order.
Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class
Homes
Peasant
Homes
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally
it was the rulers palaces that were known as
Pharaohs, meaning Great House
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E.
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Papyrus  Paper
Papyrus Plant
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This
form of writing is based on picture like symbols that
are carved into stone tablets / monuments or
placed on papyrus
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
1
10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
2,525
Egyptian Scribe
A system of writing allowed Egyptians to
keep records of the Kingdom’s history,
knowledge, and business
matters, i.e. taxes.
Preparations for the Underworld
Rulers = Gods
They stood at the center of
Egypt’s religion and government
They were expected to
rule in both this life
and the next
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Egyptian Book of the Dead
They believed that the afterlife went on forever, so
they made elaborate preparations
for their deaths.
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries
for their eternal comfort
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms and
is the oldest standing building in the world
Plan of the Great Pyramid
of Khufu
Giza Pyramid Complex
Built by King Khufu
Largest Pyramid
The Valley of the Kings
The construction of monuments drained the Old
Kingdom financially. In time droughts and
weak kings led to the decline
of this civilization
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for
droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped water
from the Nile into storage basins.
The Hyksos Invasion
The Middle Kingdom was attacked
by the Hyksos in 1770 B.C
They rolled into the Nile River
Valley In revolutionary two
wheeled chariots
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The Hyksos.
They stole their ideas for horse drawn chariots / bronze
weapons, and used them to drive out the Hyksos.
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E. = One of The Best Known Rulers of Egypt
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
King Tutankhamon
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb