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Passport to Egypt
Mrs. Slagle
Where Are We Going?
What Are We Going to See?
• Today, our class will be visiting ancient
sites of pharaohs in Ancient Egypt
• What is a Pharaoh??
• A pharaoh is a king of ancient Egypt who
had complete control over their people
• Temples were built in the pharaoh’s honor
Where it all began…Memphis
• Menes unites Upper
and Lower Egypt
• Egypt’s first dynasty
begins
• The city of Memphis
is created
• Egypt is broken into
two lands “Upper” and
“Lower” Egypt
Old Kingdom
2686 BC – 2125 BC
Characterized by Peace and
Trade
Our First Stop…
What is Different About this
Pyramid?
The Step Pyramid at Djoser
• The earliest pyramid
known is the Step
Pyramid
• Unlike later pyramids, the
Step Pyramid did not
have smooth sides
• Egyptian kings were
buried in pyramids during
the Old Kingdom “The
Pyramid Age”
Our Second Stop
Does Anyone Know Where We Are?
The Famous Great Pyramid
• The largest structure
in the world from
when it was built in
2570 BC to 1300
AD!!!
• One of the Seven
Wonders of the World
• Khufu’s Pyramid
Our Third Stop…
Great Sphinx
• Pharaoh Khafre “The face
of the Sphinx”
• The Sphinx has come to
be a symbol for ancient
and modern Egypt
• Largest surviving
sculpture from the ancient
world and earliest
colossal sculpture that
Egyptians built
The Middle Kingdom
Characterized by irrigation
systems and public works
2055 BC-1650 BC
The Middle Kingdom
• Turbulent times strike
Egypt due to foreign
invaders
• Egyptians fight back
by constructing
buildings
• Irrigation projects help
revive the Nile River
The New Kingdom
Characterized by huge, powerful
armies
1550 BC – 1069 BC
Entering ancient sites from the New
Kingdom…Abu Simbel
Ramses II
“The Great”
• Abu Simbel temple of
Ramses II
• More statues of him than
any other pharaoh,
second longest reigning
pharaoh
• Believed to have ruled
Egypt for 66 years and 2
months
• Taller than many
Egyptians at 5’7 and
believed to be a red head
• “During his long reign of 67 years, everything
was done on a grand scale. No other pharaoh
constructed so many temples or erected so
many colossal statues and obelisks. No other
pharaoh sired so many children. Ramesses’
‘victory’ over the Hittities at Kadesh was
celebrated in one of the most repeated Egyptian
texts ever put on record. By the time he died,
aged more than 90, he had set his stamp
indelibly on Egypt.”
- Peter Clayton, author of Chronicles of the Pharaohs
Next Stop…Hatshepsut’s Temple at
Deir El-Bahri
Man or Woman??
Man or Woman?
Queen Hatshepsut
1503-1482 B.C.
• Bold Leader who created great peace and
economic success
• Great story-teller to appeal to the masses
• Dressed as a man to gain the approval of
the public
• Was she mudered?
Next Stop…Festival Hall
Thutmose III… A Great Warrior
1504-1450 BC
• One of the greatest pharaohs
• Leads his army in war against Syria and
Phoenicia (located in Southwest Asia)
• Treats those he defeated with mercy
• Loved to study plants and loved the desert
• Destroyed all of Queen Hatshepsut’s
statues
• The face we’ve come to known
• Was he popular while alive?
King Tutakhanmen
• Became a pharaoh while
he was still a child
• Died at around age 18
• An archaeologist
discovered his tomb in
1922 and his funeral
treasures have taught us
a lot about Egypt
• King Tut’s tomb was the
first tomb uncovered that
contained many of the
burial treasures still intact
King Tut brings us to our final
stop…The Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings
• During the New Kingdom,
pharaohs began to build
their tombs in the Valley
of the Kings
• Tomb robbery became a
problem and thieves
raided tombs in search of
gold
• King Tut’s tomb was
found largely intact and
apparently quickly buried
deeply below the surface
of the Valley of the Kings
Diagram of Valley of the Kings
Ancient Rulers Live On
“The Mummy’s Curse”
• “Death shall come on swift wings to him
that toucheth the tomb of a Pharaoh”
• This quote is imaginary inscription
supposedly on the tomb of King Tut
• On April 5, 1923 Lord Carnarvon, who had
financed the excavcation of King Tut died
shortly after
• Is there a curse???
• Should pharaoh’s tombs be uncovered??