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Geography and Early Egypt Chapter 11, Section 1 The Nile • Egypt’s “Gift” • Longest river in the world • Southern region-Upper Egypt • Northern region-Lower Egypt The Nile • Floods-Coated land with fertile silt Two Kingdoms • Hunter-Gatherers settled more than 12,000 years ago • Learned to farm • 4,500 BC farmers lived in small villages Two Kingdoms • 3200 BC villages grew and formed two kingdoms Two Kingdoms • Lower Egypt • Capital city—Pe • Red crown Two Kingdoms • Upper Egypt • Capital city-Nekhen • White crown United Kingdoms • 3100 BC Menes rose to power in Upper Egypt United Kingdoms • Menes sent armies to control Lower Egypt • Menes became first pharaoh of Egypt United Kingdoms • Egypt’s first dynasty • Pharaoh means “great house” • New Capital—Memphis • Theocracy Ancient temple at Memphis