Download Presentation Plus! - Central Dauphin School District

Presentation Plus! Human Heritage: A World History
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
Send all inquiries to:
GLENCOE DIVISION
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, Ohio 43240
CHAPTER FOCUS
SECTION 1 The Nile
SECTION 2 The Old Kingdom
SECTION 3 The Middle Kingdom
SECTION 4 The New Kingdom
SECTION 5 Contributions
CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
3
Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section.
Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.
Overview
• Chapter 4 focuses on the changes in
society during the Old, Middle, and New
Kingdoms. 
– Section 1 explains the importance of the
Nile River to the Egyptian civilization. 
– Section 2 discusses Egypt’s Old
Kingdom. 
– Section 3 describes Egypt’s Middle
Kingdom. 
– Section 4 traces the New Kingdom. 
– Section 5 presents Egyptian
contributions.
4
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be
able to:
• analyze why the Nile River was so important
to the growth of Egyptian civilization. 
• discuss how pharaohs, pyramids, and religious
beliefs influenced the Old Kingdom. 
• describe what happened during Egypt’s Middle
Kingdom. 
• explain why Egyptian civilization grew then
declined during the New Kingdom. 
• list Egyptian contributions.
5
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Read to Discover
• Why the Nile River was so important to the
growth of Egyptian civilization 
• How Egyptian religious beliefs
influenced the Old Kingdom 
• What happened during Egypt's Middle
Kingdom 
• Why Egyptian civilization grew and then
declined during the New Kingdom 
• What the Egyptians contributed to other
civilizations
6
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 67 of your textbook.
Terms to Learn
• shadoof 
• Narmer 
• pharaoh 
• Ahmose 
• pyramids 
• Thutmose III 
• embalming 
• Hatshepsut 
• mummy 
• Amenhotep IV 
• legend 
• hieroglyphic 
Places to Locate
• Nile River 
• papyrus 
• Punt 
People to Know
• Thebes
7
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words.
Why It’s Important
The Egyptians settled in the Nile River
Valley of northeast Africa. They most likely
borrowed ideas such as writing from the
Sumerians. However, the Egyptian
civilization lasted far longer than the citystates and empires of Mesopotamia. While
the people of Mesopotamia fought among
themselves, Egypt grew into a rich,
powerful, and unified kingdom. The
Egyptians built a civilization that lasted for
more than 2,000 years and left a lasting
influence on the world.
Click the Speaker On button to replay the audio.
8
The Nile
• The Nile River flows north 4,145 miles from
the mountains of central Africa to the
Mediterranean Sea. 
• In Egypt the river cuts a narrow, green
valley through the desert. 
• Shortly before the Nile reaches the sea, it
branches to form a fan-shaped area of
fertile land called a delta. 
• Most ancient Egyptians lived in this area.
10
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information. Section 1 begins on page 67 of your textbook.
The Nile (cont.)
• For a long time, they were protected from
foreign invasions by the desert, the sea,
and waterfalls called cataracts. 
• Every year, about the middle of July, the
Nile overflowed its banks. 
• The flood waters went down but left
behind large amounts of rich soil good for
growing crops.
11
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
The Nile (cont.)
• Egyptian farmers planted their fields while
the soil was still wet. 
• To water their crops during the dry
season, the Egyptians dug out basins, or
bowl-shaped holes. 
• They used a machine called a shadoof
to lift water from the Nile to the basins. 
• The Egyptians raised flax, wheat, barley,
and grapes.
12
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Section Assessment
Where did most Egyptians live?
Most Egyptians lived in the Nile delta.
13
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
How did the Egyptians control the
Nile?
They built a system of basins and
irrigation canals.
14
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Making Comparisons How did the
Egyptians’ use of the Nile compare
with the Sumerians’ use of the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
Both Egyptians and Sumerians depended
on the rivers for living, and both civilizations
controlled their environment. The Egyptians
dug out basins and built irrigation canals to
the fields. The Sumerians also built
irrigation canals. The Egyptians raised flax,
wheat, barley, and grapes. The Sumerians
grew barley, wheat, sesame, flax, fruit trees,
date palms, and vegetables.
15
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Draw a diagram like the one on
page 68 of your textbook. Use it
to show how the Nile River
influenced Egyptian civilization .
Samples: cataracts served as
protection, flooding left behind good
soil, provided water to grow crops in
dry season.
16
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
The Old Kingdom
• At first, Egypt was made up of two
kingdoms. 
– One was Upper Egypt, which lay in the
southern part of the Nile River valley. 
– The other was Lower Egypt, which lay in the
north delta. 
• Narmer, also known as Menes, was a king
of Upper Egypt. 
• About 3100 B.C., he led his armies from
the valley north into the delta, uniting the
two kingdoms.
18
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information. Section 2 begins on page 69 of your textbook.
The Old Kingdom (cont.)
• About 2600 B.C., the Old Kingdom started in
Egypt. 
• During the period of the Old Kingdom,
Egyptian cities became centers of religion
and government. 
• Most Egyptians lived on large estates
along the banks of the Nile. 
• A household was made up of an owner’s
family, servants, and artisans. 
• Most Egyptians, however, were farmers
who lived in villages on the estates.
19
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
The Pharaoh
• The Egyptians believed that the strength
and unity of their country came from having
a strong ruler. 
• Egyptian rulers were eventually called
pharaoh, meaning “great house.” 
• To Egyptians, the pharaoh was a ruler, a
priest, and a god. 
• The pharaoh owned all the land in Egypt,
but he gave gifts of land to rich Egyptians
and priests.
20
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
The Pharaoh (cont.)
• The pharaoh also chose all government
officials. 
• The word of a pharaoh was law. 
• The Egyptians believed that what
happened to Egypt depended on the
pharaoh’s actions. 
• As chief priest, the pharaoh carried out
certain rituals. 
• Pharaohs were treated with great respect.
Whenever they appeared in public, people
played music and bowed to the ground.
21
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
The Pyramids
• Another way the people of the Old Kingdom
showed how they felt about the pharaohs
was by building them great tombs called
pyramids. 
• They were designed to protect the pharaohs’
bodies from floods, wild animals, and
robbers. 
• It took many people and much work to build
the pyramids.
22
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Religious Beliefs
• The Egyptians believed in many gods, the
most important of which were the river god
Hapi and the sun god Re. 
• Another important god was Osiris, god of
the harvest and of eternal life. 
• If a person had led a good life and knew
certain magic spells, Osiris would grant
the person life after death. 
• The Egyptians also used a process called
embalming to preserve the bodies of the
dead.
23
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Religious Beliefs (cont.)
• To embalm a body, the Egyptians placed it
in a wooden box and covered it with a
chemical called natron which dried it out. 
• After the shrunken body had dried, it was
wrapped with long strips of linen. 
• The wrapped body was known as a
mummy.
24
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Section Assessment
How did most Egyptians live
during the Old Kingdom?
Most Egyptians lived as farmers in
villages on large estates along the
Nile.
25
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
What did the Egyptians believe
happened to people after death?
Their souls went to the underworld
and were weighed on a scale. If the
scales balanced, Osiris granted life
after death.
26
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Making Comparisons How were the
pharaohs similar to and different
from government leaders of the
United States today?
Sample responses: Both provide for
citizens and deal with foreign
policy/trade. U.S. leaders are not
considered gods.
27
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Draw a diagram like the one on
page 73 of your textbook. Use it to
compare the Egyptian burial
practices for the rich and the poor.
Both were embalmed. The poor were
buried in a cave or in the sand; the rich
were placed in special coffins inside a
tomb.
28
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
The Middle Kingdom
• About 2300 B.C., government officials,
jealous of the pharaoh’s power, took control
of Egypt. 
• Almost 200 years of confusion followed. 
• Finally, new pharaohs brought peace and a
new period called the Middle Kingdom. 
• Pharaohs had less power in the Middle
Kingdom. 
• After death, they were no longer buried in
pyramids but in tombs cut into cliffs.
30
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information. Section 3 begins on page 73 of your textbook.
The Middle Kingdom (cont.)
• The Middle Kingdom came to an end in
1786 B.C., when Egypt was invaded by the
Hyksos, a people from western Asia. 
• The Hyksos ruled Egypt for about 150
years. 
• They copied some Egyptian customs but
most Egyptians hated them. 
• Around 1550 B.C., an Egyptian prince
named Ahmose led an uprising and drove
the Hyksos out of Egypt.
31
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Section Assessment
How did the Middle Kingdom
come about?
A new line of pharaohs unified Egypt
after a period of confusion.
32
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
What ended Hyksos rule?
Ahmose led an uprising and drove
the Hyksos out of Egypt.
33
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment
Do you think the decrease in the
pharaoh’s power had a positive or
negative effect on Egypt? Explain.
Answers will vary.
34
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Draw a diagram like the one found on
page 74 of your textbook. Use it to
compare the power of the pharaohs
in the Old Kingdom the Middle
Kingdom.
Old Kingdom–considered a ruler,
priest, and god; owned all land and
chose all the officials; treated with
great respect; buried in pyramids.
Middle Kingdom–had less power,
buried in tombs cut into cliffs.
35
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
The New Kingdom
• Ahmose founded another line of pharaohs
and began the period known as the New
Kingdom. 
• During this time, Egypt became richer and
its cities grew larger. 
• It was during this period that the Egyptian
empire was founded. 
• One warrior-pharaoh, Thutmose III,
extended Egyptian control into Syria and
Palestine.
37
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information. Section 4 begins on page 74 of your textbook.
The New Kingdom (cont.)
• One of the few pharaohs who was not
interested in war and conquest was
Hatshepsut, Thutmose III's stepmother, who
had ruled Egypt before her stepson. 
• Her chief interests were trade and the
building of temples.
38
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Religion
• The Egyptians of the New Kingdom began
to worship a new god. 
• They called the new god Amon-Re and he
became the most powerful god of all. 
• People built many temples in his honor. 
• The temples were also schools–places
where young boys were trained to be
scribes.
39
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Religion (cont.)
• One kind of Egyptian writing was
hieroglyphic, or a kind of writing in which
pictures stand for words or sounds. 
• However, scribes needed an easier form
of writing to keep records. 
• So, they developed two other kinds of
writing in which hieroglyphs were rounded
off and connected.
40
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Decline of Egypt
• Over time, the priests of Amon-Re gained
much power and wealth. 
• As time passed, the pharaoh’s power
declined. 
• Then, about 1370 B.C., a new pharaoh
named Amenhotep IV came to the throne. 
• He did not like the priests and wanted to
return power to the pharaohs. 
• Amenhotep IV closed the temples of AmonRe and fired all temple workers.
41
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Decline of Egypt (cont.)
• He set up a new religion that was different
from the old religion because only one god,
called Aton, was worshiped. 
• After Amenhotep IV died, about 1360 B.C.,
his son-in-law Tutankhamen became
pharaoh. He was only nine years old. 
• The priests made Tutankhamen return to
the old religion.
42
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Decline of Egypt (cont.)
• Little by little, Egypt lost its power. 
– One reason was the struggle between the
priests and the pharaohs. 
– Another was the pharaohs’ attempts to keep
neighboring countries under Egyptian control. 
• By 1150 B.C., Egypt’s empire was gone. 
• Egyptian civilization kept growing weaker
until Egypt was taken over by a people
known as the Assyrians in 671 B.C.
43
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Section Assessment
How did rulers of the New
Kingdom expand trade?
They expanded trade through
conquest and by expanding contacts
with other people.
44
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Why did Egypt grow weak?
Egypt grew weak because of
struggles between priests and
pharaohs, costly wars, and lack of
iron for weapons.
45
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Drawing Conclusions In your
opinion, which of the following
pharaohs contributed the most to
Egyptian civilization: Thutmose III,
Hatshepsut, Amenhotep IV, or
Tutankhamen? Explain.
Answers will vary.
46
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Draw the diagram on page 78 of
your textbook, and use it to
show important dates in the
history of the New Kingdom.
Answers will vary but should begin
with the founding of a new line of
pharaohs by Ahmose.
47
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Contributions
• The Egyptians made many contributions to
other civilizations. 
• One was a paper called papyrus. 
• Other contributions of the Egyptians lay in
the field of mathematics. 
– They used a number system based on ten. 
– They also used fractions and whole numbers. 
– They used geometry to survey, or measure,
land.
49
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information. Section 5 begins on page 78 of your textbook.
Contributions (cont.)
• Based on the Nile floods, they made a
calendar with three seasons of 120 days
each, and 5 special feast days. 
• The Egyptians also made contributions in
the field of medicine. 
– Egyptian doctors were the first specialists in
medicine. 
– They were the first to use splints, bandages,
and compresses. 
– The Egyptians also treated such problems as
indigestion and hair loss.
50
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Section Assessment
What mathematical contributions
did the Egyptians make to
civilization?
They used a number system based
on 10, fractions and whole numbers,
and geometry to survey the land.
51
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
What medical contributions did
the Egyptians make to other
civilizations?
They were the first to use splints,
bandages, compresses, setting of
broken bones, and treatment of
indigestion and hair loss.
52
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment
Which Egyptian contribution do you
think has the greatest impact on life
in the United States today?
Answers will vary.
53
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Section Assessment (cont.)
Draw a diagram like the one on
page 80 of your textbook. Use it
to rate Egyptian contributions
from most important to least
important.
Answers will vary.
54
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Chapter Summary & Study Guide
• Egyptian civilization began in the Nile River
valley over 5,000 years ago. 
• About 3100 B.C., Narmer united Upper and
Lower Egypt. 
• The Old Kingdom began about 2600 B.C.
and lasted for nearly 650 years. 
• Kings of Egypt became known as
pharaohs and were viewed by Egyptians
as rulers, priests, and gods. 
• During the Old Kingdom, pyramids were
built as tombs for pharaohs.
56
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.)
• The Egyptians worshiped many gods. 
• The Egyptians placed great importance
on life after death and created a process
to preserve bodies as mummies. 
• The Middle Kingdom began about 1950
B.C. and lasted until the Hyksos invasion of
Egypt in 1786 B.C. 
• The New Kingdom began after Ahmose
drove the Hyksos out of Egypt about 1550
B.C.
57
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.)
• During the New Kingdom, most pharaohs
were interested in conquest. 
• During the New Kingdom, priests became
very powerful. 
• Amenhotep IV tried to establish a religion
based on one god, but he failed. 
• Toward the end of the New Kingdom,
Egypt began to decline. 
• Egyptian contributions to later civilizations
included the use of geometry, surveying,
and papyrus.
58
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Understanding the Main Idea
What did the Egyptians borrow
from the Sumerians?
They borrowed farming, seeds for
wheat and barley, and writing.
60
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Understanding the Main Idea
What did the Nile River give to the
Egyptian people?
water and rich soil
61
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Understanding the Main Idea
Why did the Egyptians show such
great respect for the pharaoh?
because the pharaoh was considered
a ruler, priest, and god
62
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Understanding the Main Idea
What role did the Hyksos play in
the development of Egyptian
civilization?
They introduced iron and bronze
weapons and a new style of fighting.
63
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Understanding the Main Idea
What role did religion play in Egypt
during the Old Kingdom? During
the New Kingdom?
During both the Old and New
kingdoms religious rituals were
carried out by the pharaoh and
brought unity. Religion during
Akhenaton’s rule divided the people.
64
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Understanding the Main Idea
What kinds of writing did the
Egyptians have, and why were they
used?
Hieroglyphic writing was used on
monuments; other writing was used
to write religious works and records.
65
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Understanding the Main Idea
What problems did flooding of the
Nile River create, and how did the
Egyptians try to solve them?
The floods washed away boundary
markers, so the Egyptians surveyed
fields. They also developed
calendars to predict the floods.
66
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Understanding the Main Idea
How did the Egyptians use the
papyrus reeds?
They used them for paper, baskets,
sandals, columns for houses, rafts,
and riverboats.
67
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Critical Thinking
Do you agree with experts who call
Egypt “the gift of the Nile”?
Explain.
Answers will vary.
68
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Critical Thinking
How was the government of Egypt
similar to that of Babylonia? How
was it different?
Both held complete power. The ruler
of Egypt was considered a god-king;
the ruler of Babylon was not.
69
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Critical Thinking
Do you think Amenhotep IV was
wise in opposing the priests of
Amon-Re? Explain.
Answers will vary, but might suggest
that by opposing the priests he
helped bring about the decline of
Egypt.
70
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Critical Thinking
Would you have like living in ancient
Egypt? Why or why not?
71
Geography in History
Human/Environmental Interaction Note
the area covered by ancient Egypt on
the map on page 75 of your textbook.
Why do you think the empire developed
where it did, rather than expanding to
the west or only to the south? Explain
your answer.
It developed there because of its reliance
on the Nile River and Mediterranean,
because of the proximity to people, and
because of natural barriers.
72
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
The Old Kingdom began about 2600
B.C., the Middle Kingdom about 2060
B.C., and the New Kingdom about
1600 B.C. If the New Kingdom ended
about 1500 years after the Old
Kingdom began, in what year did it
end?
1100 B.C.
73
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Explore online information about the
topics introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Human
Heritage: A World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive
activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the
chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the
browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty
connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to
http://www.humanheritage.glencoe.com
75
76
2600 B.C.
1786 B.C.
671 B.C.
Old Kingdom
established
Hyksos invade
Egypt
Assyrians take
over Egypt
2300 B.C.
1550 B.C.
Middle
Kingdom
begins
Ahmose founds the
New Kingdom
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Tutankhamen
c. 1369 B.C.-1351 B.C.
Egyptian Pharaoh
Nicknamed the “boy king,”
Tutankhamen came to power at age 9.
He pleased the priests by rejecting
Akhenaton’s religion. Although frail,
he loved to race chariots and hunt
animals. When he died at age 18,
officials placed him in a treasure-filled
tomb. The tomb’s beautiful contents,
discovered in 1922, made “King Tut”
one of Egypt’s most famous pharaohs.
77
A Big Pyramid
The Pyramid of Khufu contains more
than 2 million stone blocks that
average 2 ½ short tons, or 2.3 metric
tons, each. The pyramid originally
stood 481 feet, or 147 meters, high.
Today its base covers about 13 acres,
or 5 hectares.
78
The Best Dentist
Egyptians could have benefited from
regular trips to the dentist. Everyone,
rich and poor, suffered from cavities,
inflamed gums, and infections. A
physician in the Old Kingdom named
Hesire won the title of “Chief of the
Tooth-doctors.”
79
Diets Change
Mummies
80
Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section.
Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.
Diets Change
The diet of poor laborers and farmers
in ancient Egypt consisted largely of
bread, made of wheat and a grain
called emmer. Today most villagers
and poor city dwellers in Egypt eat a
simple diet based on bread and fool, or
broad beans. For a typical evening
meal, each person dips bread into a
large communal bowl of vegetable
stew.
81
Mummies
Today scientists are able to perform
CAT scans on mummy cases, allowing
the scientists to see inside without
opening the mummy case. Using
computers, they turn the twodimensional CAT-scan pictures into
three-dimensional images of the
mummies.
82
Reading Map Legends
• In order to show information on maps,
mapmakers use symbols. 
• These are marks that stand for such things
as places, directions, and features. 
• Symbols include lines, dots, stars, and
small pictures.
Continued on next slide.
83
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Reading Map Legends
• A list of symbols and what they stand for is
called a legend. 
• By reading legends, it is possible to
identify empires, nations, religions,
climates, and any other information that
can be shown on a map.
Continued on next slide.
84
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Reading Map Legends
• For example, on the “Ancient Egypt” map
on page 75 of your textbook, notice that
there are three symbols in the legend. 
• Each symbol stands for the boundary of
one of the Egyptian kingdoms. 
• The broken line stands for the southern
boundary of the Old Kingdom.
Continued on next slide.
85
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Reading Map Legends
• The Middle Kingdom’s boundary is shown
by the dotted line. 
• The area of the New Kingdom is shown in
green.
Continued on next slide.
86
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the information.
Reading Map Legends
Study the “Ancient Egypt” map on page 75 of your
textbook. Then answer the questions that follow.
Continued on next slide.
87
Reading Map Legends
Which Egyptian kingdom included
only the first cataract?
Old Kingdom
Continued on next slide.
88
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Reading Map Legends
Which kingdom extended to the
second cataract?
Middle Kingdom
Continued on next slide.
89
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
Reading Map Legends
In which kingdom was Thebes
located?
all three kingdoms
90
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display
the answer.
End of Custom Shows
WARNING! Do Not Remove
This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom
shows and return to the main presentation.