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Transcript
Chapter 3 Caring for Your Mind Elizabeth Lytle, MPH, BSN, RN Los Altos School District In This Chapter, You Will Learn To: Key structures of the brain LIST Depression symptoms and treatment Suicide symptoms and prevention Neurons and their role in the brain Difference between mental health and DESCRIBE mental illness Options for yourself in case of mental illness Three Important Structures Of The Brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem Brain Messages Are Sent Through Neurons Neurons are nerve cells composed of: Cell Body Contains nucleus Axon Long fiber that carries electrical signal Where the axon ends and its signal is Axon transferred to the dendrite of a different Terminal neuron Shorter fiber that receives signal from Dendrite the axon terminal Neurons Communicate With Each Other At Synapses: WHERE Area between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron Through Neurotransmitters: HOW Packets of chemicals released from the axon terminal of the neuron sending the signal Brain Messaging: Anatomy of a Neuron The Many Factors of Mental Health Definitions of Mental Illness ‘Clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that is associated with present distress, disability or significantly increased risk of suffering death pain, disability or an important loss of freedom’ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Ed ‘…mental, behavioral or emotional disorders that interfere with one or more major activities in life like dressing eating or working.’ U.S. Government Almost half of all Americans will experience a diagnosable mental disorder in their lifetime Most Common Mental Disorders Mood Disorders • Depression • Biploar Disorder Anxiety Disorders • Phobias • Panic Disorders Substance Abuse • Drugs and alcohol Mental Health Risks Vary With Gender Mental Disorder High Risk Group Depression Anxiety Migraines Women & Girls Alzheimer’s Substance Abuse Alcohol Abuse Men Mental and Physical Health Are Linked Positive Mental Attitude decreases risk of disease Mental Illness increases risk for many diseases Complex relationships between mental and physical health have been found Heart Disease and Depression Diabetes and Depression Bone Density and Depression Effects Of Depression May Include: Depressed Helpless or hopeless Restless or slow No interest in pleasurable activities Physical symptoms Difficulty concentrating or thinking critically Fewer or Extreme Feelings Alterations In Thinking New Actions Persistent thoughts of death Withdrawal from others Eating more or less Minimize These Contributors To Depression STRESS SUBSTANCE ABUSE SLEEP LOSS Depression Has Inequitable Impact Groups More Likely to Experience Major Depression Women Racial and Ethnic Minorities Those Without a High School Education Divorced or Never Married Jobless Those Without Health Insurance Men Experience Depression Differently Irritability Tremendous fatigue Depression Symptoms Headaches and pain of Men Insomnia Self-medication with alcohol or drugs Men may not become ‘sad’ and are more likely than women to take their own life Depression Treatment Is Individualized Psychotherapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Interpersonal Therapy Antidepressant Medication Electroconvolusive or Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy Exercise Behavior Change Antidepressants Have Risks For Young Less than 20 years old May be at higher risk of suicide shortly after beginning treatment Side effects of aggression or hostility More than 20 years old Less likely to commit suicide after beginning treatment Bipolar Disorder Defined Who is affected Symptoms Treatment Manic states of feeling euphoric and energetic to depressive states of utter despair 50% have family member with bipolar More women than men affected Mood swings Changes in thinking and behavior Changes in physical condition Medication Professional therapy is essential Phobias – Anxiety Disorders Out-of-the-ordinary, irrational, intense, Defined persistent fears of certain objects or situations Behavioral therapy for systematic Treatment exposure to feared object Medical hypnosis Panic Attacks And Panic Disorder Rapid heart rate, light-headed, hyperventilation, numb fingers or toes Terrible sense that something horrible is about to happen When panic attacks recur OR Apprehension of panic attack impairs normal function Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Medication Panic Attack Panic Disorder Treatment Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsession Recurring idea, thought or image Compulsion Other Features Treatment Repetitive behavior performed according to certain rules Cannot resist or control thoughts or behavior Behaviors consume time and impact normal function Cognitive Therapy Behavioral Techniques Medication Autism Spectrum Disorders Repetitive patterns of thoughts and behavior Features No verbal communication before age 3 Four times more likely to occur in boys than girls Behavior therapy Speech-language therapy Treatment Physical therapy School-based educational programs Schizophrenia Affects every aspect of psychological functioning Features Hallucinations and delusions Inability to think in logical manner Showing few, if any emotions Treatment Antipsychotic medication Failure in brain development very Causes early in life Heredity Two-thirds of college students who killed themselves experienced depressive symptoms at the time of their death Suicide Is Increasing in the United States Risk of Suicide Are You At Risk For Suicide? Factors that Lead to Suicide Impulsivity High level of arousal and aggression Past suicidal behaviors Hopelessness Factors that Protect from Suicide Feeling connected to family and parents Girls - Emotional well-being Boys - Grade-point average Recognize When Friends Need Help Express your concern and use guidelines below Ask concerned questions Suggest solutions or alternatives to problems Ask if they have contemplated suicide Know that people who talk about killing themselves may carry it out Watch for changes in behavior Avoid trite reassurances 5 Things To Do If Considering Suicide 1. Talk to a mental health professional 2. Talk to someone you trust 3. Write down positive thoughts 4. Avoid drugs and alcohol 5. Go to the hospital Help For Mental Disorders Is Available Therapy Many types of therapists Many types of therapy Medication Work closely with health professional to choose medication Alternative Activities Can combine therapy and medication with other treatments to enhance results (yoga, meditation)