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Chapter 6 Managing Your Weight Calories Calories are a unit to measure energy; measures calories in food and the energy that your body burns Their Source Depends on the amount of carbs, protein, and fat in the food Portion Size How the food has been prepared? Calories to Burn- How many calories do you need? Rate of growth Body size Gender Age Weight Problems: Risky Business Body Fat vs. Body Weight Overweight- weighing more than 10% over the standard weight for height Obesity- excess body fat, or adipose tissue Excess body fat increase the workload of the body frame, heart and lungs Hypertension Diabetes High Cholesterol Atherosclerosis Sedentary Lifestyle Poor food habits Hereditary plays a role, however; the link between generations is unclear Underweight- 10% or more below the normal weight Has little body fat as an energy reserve Less nutrients that the body stores Increase in health problems; harder to fight off infection Diets and Eating Disorders Diet- everything you eat and drink Fad Diet- is an approach to weight control that is popular for a short time. Ex. Grapefruit or the cabbage soup diets Limit certain nutrients and food variety Weight Cycling- losing and regaining weight; much of the weight lost is water and not body fat. Ex. Seesaw dieting or yo- yo dieting Other Risky Weight Loss Strategies Fasting- not replenishing the body’s nutrients can be dangerous. Without food, the body starts to use its own muscle tissue as an energy source. Liquid Protein Diet- high protein, low carb liquid diets can have serious side effects; consult doctor before using this as your only form of weight loss. Diet Pills- burn, block, or flush the fat; researchers have yet to find a pill that can do this safely. May help in suppressing energy, but can have other serious side effects. Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa- Is a disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe weight loss from selfinduced starvation. Is a psychological disorder with both emotional and physical consequences. Relates to individuals self concept and coping abilities Extremely low caloric intake; Obsession with exercising; Emotional problems; Unnatural interest in food; Unrealistic or distorted sense of body image; Denial of an eating problem Most are in their teens or twenties Not generally common among males, but can be at risk Symptoms can include: Extreme weight loss; Constipation; Hormonal changes; Heart damage; Impaired immune function; Decreased heart rate; Menstrual cycle may cease due to low body fat; Severe cases may cause death. Eating Disorders Bulimia- is a disorder in which cycles of overeating are followed by some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract. Bulimics usually follow a restrictive diet, and then binge Quickly eats large amounts of food followed by selfinduced vomiting or purging through abuse of laxatives Trying to obtain the “perfect figure” Often very secretive Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration; Kidney damage; Irregular heartbeat; Vomiting erodes tooth enamel; Tooth decay; Damages tissues in the stomach, esophagus, and mouth; Nutrient deficiencies can occur from laxatives not allowing digestion or absorption; Laxatives can also damage composition of blood Calories Calories are a unit to measure energy; measures calories in food and the energy that your body burns Their Source Depends on the amount of carbs, protein, and fat in the food Portion Size How the food has been prepared? Calories to Burn- How many calories do you need? Rate of growth Body size Gender Age Body Fat vs. Body Weight _________________- weighing more than 10% over the standard weight for height _________________- excess body fat, or adipose tissue Excess body fat increase the workload of the body frame, heart and lungs Hypertension Diabetes High Cholesterol Atherosclerosis Sedentary Lifestyle Poor food habits Hereditary plays a role, however; the link between generations is unclear _________________- 10% or more below the normal weight Has little body fat as an energy reserve Less nutrients that the body stores Increase in health problems; harder to fight off infection Diets and Eating Disorders __________- everything you eat and drink __________- is an approach to weight control that is popular for a short time. Ex. Grapefruit or the cabbage soup diets Limit certain nutrients and food variety ___________- losing and regaining weight; much of the weight lost is water and not body fat. Ex. Seesaw dieting or yo- yo dieting Other Risky Weight Loss Strategies ______________- not replenishing the body’s nutrients can be dangerous. Without food, the body starts to use its own muscle tissue as an energy source. ______________- high protein, low carb liquid diets can have serious side effects; consult doctor before using this as your only form of weight loss. _______________- burn, block, or flush the fat; researchers have yet to find a pill that can do this safely. May help in suppressing energy, but can have other serious side effects. Eating Disorders ___________________- Is a disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe weight loss from self- induced starvation. Is a psychological disorder with both emotional and physical consequences. Relates to individuals self concept and coping abilities Extremely low caloric intake; Obsession with exercising; Emotional problems; Unnatural interest in food; Unrealistic or distorted sense of body image; Denial of an eating problem Most are in their teens or twenties Not generally common among males, but can be at risk Symptoms can include: Extreme weight loss; Constipation; Hormonal changes; Heart damage; Impaired immune function; Decreased heart rate; Menstrual cycle may cease due to low body fat; Severe cases may cause death. Eating Disorders _______________________- is a disorder in which cycles of overeating are followed by some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract. Bulimics usually follow a restrictive diet, and then binge Quickly eats large amounts of food followed by selfinduced vomiting or purging through abuse of laxatives Trying to obtain the “perfect figure” Often very secretive Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration; Kidney damage; Irregular heartbeat; Vomiting erodes tooth enamel; Tooth decay; Damages tissues in the stomach, esophagus, and mouth; Nutrient deficiencies can occur from laxatives not allowing digestion or absorption; Laxatives can also damage composition of blood
