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Dr. Samuel Pfeifer Klinik Sonnenhalde, CH-4125 Riehen, Switzerland When Sensitivity turns into illness www.seminare-ps.net The term „sensitivity“ Jane Austen (18th century) Sense and Sensibility Rationality vs. Sensitivity www.seminare-ps.net The salt of the earth „The exalted and deplorable family of the highly sensitive is the salt of the earth“ Marcel Proust www.seminare-ps.net Highly sensitive people Diana Marilyn Monroe Yves Saint Laurent www.seminare-ps.net Highly sensitive people Henry Nouwen – The Return of the Prodigal Son – Life of the Beloved – In the name of Jesus www.seminare-ps.net Vincent van Gogh www.seminare-ps.net „I am very sensitive“ - POS finely tuned to others, tender hearted understanding, susceptible intensive emotions deep perceptions and passions touched by the beauty of nature, music, art, poetry, film, relationships. not hardened against the suffering of other people sensitive for the transcendent. www.seminare-ps.net I am overly sensitive – negative 1 overreacting vulnerable – easily hurt reads between the lines thinks to much - ruminates introverted and shy anxious, fearful not robust / no power reserves at my limits everything is coming too close defenseless www.seminare-ps.net I am overly sensitive – neg 2 often so overwhelmed that I cannot speak negative perceptions of other people tendency to overreact touchy, irritable , moody easily exhausted feelings cause physical discomfort etc. www.seminare-ps.net „The highly sensitive person“ – German psychiatrist W. Klages 1978 Existence between normal psychology and psychopathology. beyond the psychologically understandable, but do not reach the degree of psychiatric illness. www.seminare-ps.net Sensitive perceptions – causing intensive feelings and reactions smell taste auditory sense visual sense touch synaesthesia pathological startle reflex www.seminare-ps.net according to Klages Peculiarities of highly sensitive persons Intensive struggle with verbal expression increased exhaustion frequent mood swings, irritability sexuality and inhibition paranormal sensitivity www.seminare-ps.net according to Klages When sensitivity turns into illness – negative impact on ability to enjoy relationships ability to work „Neurosis“ www.seminare-ps.net The changing meaning of „neurosis“ until 1979: Definition based on the possible causes (mother, early trauma, sexual conflicts) DSM-III (1980): description of symptoms, the term „neurosis“ is dropped New term: „Disorder“: e.g. „anxiety disorder“, „obsessive-compulsive disorder“, „dysthymia“ BUT: Problems have remained the same www.seminare-ps.net Descriptive definition of „neurosis“ psychological disorder with anxiety, obsessions, mood swings, increased sensitivity inhibition, insecurity, conflictuous reality testing is intact disorders of somatic functions reduced performance at work or social role „difficult“ relationships symptoms persist or recur not a transient reaction to stress www.seminare-ps.net Common features Ambivalence Impaired contact Inhibitions Vegetative Complaints Emotional lability Reduced ability to perform www.seminare-ps.net New terms subclinical disorders atypical depressions “masked” depression subsyndromal disorders Spectrum Disorders Subthreshold Disorders www.seminare-ps.net Spectrum Disorders Depression BulimiaAnorexia OCD Social Phobia PanicAgoraphobia Migraine gastro-intestinal evtl ADHD? www.seminare-ps.net Criteria of Spectrum Disorders Criteria for the classic disorder are not fully present. Symptoms are either limited or isolated, however combined with depressive mood. Symptoms lead to impairment in social relations, work performance or other important areas of life. Symptoms lead to “emotionally loaded relationships” with dependence and social conflict. www.seminare-ps.net Spectrum healthy aspects Disorder suffering threshold subthreshold atypical • Personality problem • isolated symptoms www.seminare-ps.net classic syndrome Core syndrome Course illness phase Vulnerable personality Stress, Trigger www.seminare-ps.net chronic Development Personality Temperament Psychosocial environment „Vulnerable“ Personality Stress Sensitive Crisis www.seminare-ps.net Sensitive Syndromes Somatization Emotional Instability Depression Exhaustion Anorexia Ansiety Disorders Phobias ObsessiveCompulsive Disorders www.seminare-ps.net Bulimia ILLNESS Somatic Syndromes Migraine Gastrointestinal disorders Sensitivity and faith Sensitivity for the spiritual world Over-sensitive conscience Anxious towards God and other persons. Living with tensions www.seminare-ps.net Areas of tension Inner Experience IDEALS I want to do what is right and good, pleasing to God. *** other ideals ?? Needs, desires Drives, Impulses Emotions (Sub)cultural rules und limitations REALITY “Why do I have to suffer?” General life situation Social network – Physical /emotional constitution www.seminare-ps.net External Framework Highly sensitive people Henry Nouwen – The Return of the Prodigal Son – Life of the Beloved – In the name of Jesus www.seminare-ps.net Henri Nouwen Political sensitivity – Speaking out against injustice in the world. Restlessness – struggle for inner peace. Withdrawal into the world of handicapped persons (L‘Arche community). Questioning identity in the middle of his life. Severe crisis and depression. New beginning. www.seminare-ps.net The Wounded Healer „Oh that I cannot control my feelings and my inner passions! Often I have to let them run their course and just hope that they would not dominate me for too long.“ „I love Jesus, but I would like to keep my independence, although this independence does not grant me real freedom. I love Jesus but I would not want to lose the respect of my fellow professors, although I know that their respect will not contribute to my spiritual growth.“ www.seminare-ps.net Henri Nouwen “His words spoke with special sensitivity to those who had emotionally suffered in their lives. He discovered that he could reach out from his own wounds to the hurts of other people.“ www.seminare-ps.net Coping with high sensitivity Kapitel 15 Protecting yourself 1. Find a balance between overactivity and regression! 2. Learn to understand your body‘s language! 3. Accept the limitations of your sensitivity! 4. Do not take everything too personal! 5. Take time to relax and to enjoy! 6. Do not take too much responsibility! 7. Explain your condition to others! 8. Recognize your shadow and work at improving your weaknesses. www.seminare-ps.net A prayer for positive sensitivity Lord, open my mind and fill me with your wisdom and guidance. Lord, take out all my fussies and frownies and fill me with your love. Lord, open my eyes to see all the beautiful things you have made. Lord open my nose Lord, help me to be a sweet fragrance for you. Lord, help me always speak your words of love and kindness. Lord, let me be a light to others for you have filled me with your light. www.seminare-ps.net Literature Aron E.N. (1996). The Highly Sensitive Person. How to thrive when the world overwhelms you. New York: Broadway. Aron E.N. (2000). The Highly Sensitive Person in Love. New York: Broadway. Aron E.N., & Aron A. (1997). Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73:345–368. Pfeifer S. (2002). Der sensible Mensch. Leben zwischen Begabung und Verletzlichkeit. Haan: Brockhaus. www.seminare-ps.net Download this presentation from www.seminare-ps.net www.seminare-ps.net