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Social Phobia QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. “Characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations.” http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/social-phobia-social-anxiety-disorder/index.shtml QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Social Phobia is NOT…. Getting butterflies before you present your disease project or before a first date. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Prevalence most common anxiety disorder third most common mental disorder in the U.S., after depression and alcohol dependence. An estimated 19.2 million Americans have social anxiety disorder. most often surfaces in adolescence Physical Symptoms QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Blushing Difficulty talking Nausea, diarrhea Difficulty making eye contact Profuse sweating Trembling Elevated blood pressure Rapid heart rate, palpitations Symptoms QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Can be situation specific or someone may experience symptoms anytime they are around people Low self esteem fear doing things that will embarrass them worry for days or weeks before a dreaded situation Life with Social Phobia high risk for alcohol or other drug dependence Loneliness Leads to depression/learned helplessness Common fears include: Attending parties, Meeting new people, Speaking in public, Using public restrooms, Eating, drinking and writing in public QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Risk Factors Life experiences and events bullying Shyness Increased stress May be associated with overprotective parents or limited social opportunities Genetics (10x) Increasing among white, married, educated The Fear Response Human Reference Striatum BST Stimuli CS+ Thalamus Medial prefrontal cortex Fear Circuitry Sensory Cortex CS- Thalamus CS+ Glutamate Ca2+ Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala Sensory cortex Medial Prefrontal Cortex Input(La) NMDAR Inhibitory control (ITC) MAPK CREB Amygdala Output (Ce) PAG Striatum BST RPC Hippocampus sustained anxiety PAG Hypo RPC freezing hormones reflex potentiation Provided by Dr. Lissek avoidance autonomic arousal Current research sensitivity to carbon dioxide, cholecystokinin, and caffeine effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors- why? Reduced striatal dopamine and uptake Reduced GABA adrenergic abnormalities Gentili et.al. Increased activity in parts of brain when exposed to faces expressing various emotions (including neutral): Evaluation of intentions, personality traits of others, expression, emotional responses, social evaluation of others (hypervigilance) Decrease in areas for attention and processing identity (avoidant) NIMH Study Heightened responses to negative comments in two brain areas: the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), is involved in the sense and evaluation of self; the amygdala, is central to emotional processing. Classroom implications Create a safe climate If a student is experiencing a fear response they are learning, but not what you want them to be Skipping school Positive Lifestyle Changes Regular exercise, adequate sleep, regularly scheduled meals Reduce/avoid use of caffeine and other stimulants Reduce alcohol intake Avoid smoking Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Based on the idea that our thoughts control our feelings and behaviors Control physical symptoms with: Relaxation and breathing techniques Replacing negative thoughts with more balanced thoughts Facing social situations that you fear in a gradual, systematic way Building relationships by improving communication and taking initiative Medication Beta blockers-blocks adrenaline production to reduce symptoms AntidepressantsBenzodiazepines-sedatives that reduce anxiety Ex. valium Highly addictive Only successful with generalized/free floating anxiety Sources www.pubmed.gov www.mayoclinic.com www.socialanxietyinstitute.org http://dbic.dartmouth.edu/haxby/papers/Gentili_BRB_2008.p df http://www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2008/social-phobiapatients-have-heightened-reactions-to-negativecomments.shtml http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-healthsocial-anxiety-disorder http://brainblogger.com/2010/04/22/the-neurobiology-ofsocial-anxiety-disorder/ http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1998-11070-001 Helpguide.org
