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ICHD-3 beta
ICHD-3 beta

The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition
The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition

... ischaemic stroke may be a consequence not of the stroke but of the cause of the stroke (e.g. dissection). Many patients with headache attacks fulfilling one set of explicit diagnostic criteria also have attacks that, although similar, do not quite satisfy the criteria. This can be a result of treatme ...
Headache: a clinical tour for residents
Headache: a clinical tour for residents

CHAPTER 8 CEREBRAL CREATINE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
CHAPTER 8 CEREBRAL CREATINE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES

... are the most consistent clinical features (Mercimek-Mahmutoglu et al., 2006). The severity may range from mild to severe mental retardation and from occasional to drug-resistant seizures. Additional extra-pyramidal movement disorder and pathologic signal intensities in the basal ganglia on brain MRI ...
dystonia update
dystonia update

... Secondary dystonias arise from injuries or abnormalities of the nervous system. There is often an association with pathologic lesions, most involving basal ganglia particularly the putamen54. Also, a lesion of the putamen is more likely to cause dystonia than any other form of movement disorder55. L ...
New Perspectives on Dystonia
New Perspectives on Dystonia

Tinnitus Steven Taylor, MD Dana King, MD
Tinnitus Steven Taylor, MD Dana King, MD

Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Psychiatric Clinics of North America

ADHD: Paying Enough Attention?
ADHD: Paying Enough Attention?

No time like the present: the importance of a timely dementia diagnosis
No time like the present: the importance of a timely dementia diagnosis

head imaging guidelines
head imaging guidelines

Headache
Headache

Guideline Update - American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Guideline Update - American Academy of Sleep Medicine

Endogenous morphine-like compound immunoreactivity increases
Endogenous morphine-like compound immunoreactivity increases

Purple pigments: The pathophysiology of acute porphyric neuropathy
Purple pigments: The pathophysiology of acute porphyric neuropathy

Phantom Limb Pain
Phantom Limb Pain

... Most prospective studies report correlations between preoperative pain and PLP,22,24,32 with increased pain before amputation being associated with increased PLP after amputation. However, other studies report no such association.5,27,33 The relationship is not simply understood because prospective ...
Module 1 - Introduction to Epilepsy Basic Principles
Module 1 - Introduction to Epilepsy Basic Principles

An update on sleep disorders and their treatment
An update on sleep disorders and their treatment

Numbness matters: A clinical review of trigeminal neuropathy
Numbness matters: A clinical review of trigeminal neuropathy

American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria
American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria

... sensitive than CT for acute infarct. Parenchymal brain imaging and CT or MR vascular imaging of the head and neck should be considered. Can be useful if there is a contraindication to contrast. Noncontrast head CT is often obtained first to assess for hemorrhage or large infarct. MRI is more sensiti ...
Believing is perceiving: mismatch between self
Believing is perceiving: mismatch between self

MR Imaging of the Cranial Meninges with Emphasis on Contrast
MR Imaging of the Cranial Meninges with Emphasis on Contrast

Multifactorial Determinants of the Neurocognitive Effects of
Multifactorial Determinants of the Neurocognitive Effects of

... patients with schizophrenia or bipolar depression struggle with navigating vocational or educational responsibilities.61 Taken together, the consensus suggests there are significant traitlike core neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar depression that are not merely impacted by psychos ...
The Truth About Suboxone - Shore Behavioral Medicine
The Truth About Suboxone - Shore Behavioral Medicine

... component of Suboxone) that actually is present at the opiate receptors in the brain. Since the efficacy of Suboxone is directly related to the percentage of total opiate receptors that are occupied by a molecule of buprenorphine, improper technique when taking Suboxone or generic buprenorphine can ...
Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage

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Phantosmia



Phantosmia is an olfactory hallucination. A hallucination is the sensory perception of something with no basis in reality, as opposed to an olfactory illusion, which is a misinterpretation of a physical stimulus; in the case of an odor it is known as parosmia. Phantosmia is the perception of a smell in the complete absence of any physical odor. The perceived odor can range from pleasant to disgusting. Although the causes of phantosmia are uncertain, it often occurs with neurological and psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, Parkinsons disease, epilepsy, neuroblastoma, and frequent migraines.Galen also mentioned olfactory hallucinations in his work and stated that these hallucinations constitute the signs of an oncoming disease.Different types of phantosmia include: Unirhinal (single nostril), episodic, and recurrent, where the activation of brain's GABAergic system seems to play a role in the inhibition of the unirhinal phantosmia.Treatments for phantosmia range from drug therapies (e.g., venlafaxine) and brain stimulation therapies to invasive surgical procedures involving removal of the olfactory bulbs or olfactory epithelium.The word phantosmia is a noun of Greek origin. It is composed of two words: (1) phant- meaning ""phantom"" and (2) -osmia (from osme) meaning ""smell"".
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